Countries · ranking · 2025

Government debt to GDP by country, 2025

Gross debt of the general government (central, regional and local government and social security) as a share of GDP in each economy's latest actual year, with the IMF forecast. Highest: Japan at 213.6%; median: 52.8%.

Highest

213.6%

Japan · 2024

Lowest

0.0%

Macao · 2025

Median

52.8%

of 188 economies

#	Economy	Region	Gov. debt, % GDP 2025	IMF forecast 2031
1	Japan	East Asia & Pacific	213.6% 2024	188.9%
2	Singapore	East Asia & Pacific	165.8% 2024	169.2%
3	Libya	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	153.8%	174.4%
4	Greece	Europe & Central Asia	146.6%	111.1%
5	Italy	Europe & Central Asia	137.1%	135.6%
6	Bahrain	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	133.7% 2024	161.6%
7	Maldives	South Asia	129.4%	130.6%
8	Senegal	Sub-Saharan Africa	127.7%	—
9	Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	127.1% 2024	80.8%
10	United States	North America	124.4%	145.0%
11	France	Europe & Central Asia	115.5%	123.6%
12	Canada	North America	113.6%	107.0%
13	Belgium	Europe & Central Asia	107.9%	122.1%
14	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Latin America & Caribbean	107.7%	133.5%
15	Ukraine	Europe & Central Asia	107.1%	97.2%
16	Bhutan	South Asia	102.6%	115.5%
17	United Kingdom	Europe & Central Asia	102.1%	100.2%
18	Zambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	100.6%	56.7%
19	Spain	Europe & Central Asia	100.5%	89.4%
20	Republic of the Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa	100.4%	57.9%
21	Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	99.9%	83.2%
22	China	East Asia & Pacific	98.6%	122.1%
23	Suriname	Latin America & Caribbean	96.9%	27.8%
24	Sri Lanka	South Asia	96.8%	82.4%
25	Malawi	Sub-Saharan Africa	96.6%	67.5%
26	Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	93.8% 2026	72.8%
27	Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	93.3%	105.3%
28	Mozambique	Sub-Saharan Africa	90.8% 2023	98.7%
29	Portugal	Europe & Central Asia	89.7%	72.0%
30	Laos	East Asia & Pacific	88.8%	52.1%
31	Finland	Europe & Central Asia	88.4%	101.2%
32	El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	87.6%	80.2%
33	Egypt	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	86.8%	71.5%
34	Mauritius	Sub-Saharan Africa	86.8%	88.9%
35	India	South Asia	84.8% 2024	75.1%
36	Gabon	Sub-Saharan Africa	84.2%	123.8%
37	Trinidad and Tobago	Latin America & Caribbean	84.0%	80.5%
38	Jordan	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	83.6%	75.7%
39	Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	83.3%	82.3%
40	Guinea-Bissau	Sub-Saharan Africa	82.4% 2024	65.6%
41	Tunisia	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	81.7%	88.7%
42	Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	80.1%	53.9%
43	Austria	Europe & Central Asia	80.0% 2024	84.3%
44	Fiji	East Asia & Pacific	78.8% 2024	86.6%
45	Gambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	77.4% 2023	51.1%
46	Saint Lucia	Latin America & Caribbean	76.8%	77.7%
47	South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	76.0% 2024	79.8%
48	Hungary	Europe & Central Asia	74.6%	87.8%
49	Aruba	Latin America & Caribbean	72.5% 2024	46.7%
50	Bahamas	Latin America & Caribbean	71.7%	55.8%
51	Kenya	Sub-Saharan Africa	71.3%	74.0%
52	Malaysia	East Asia & Pacific	70.5%	65.1%
53	Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	70.2%	59.4%
54	Pakistan	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	69.8% 2026	57.3%
55	Grenada	Latin America & Caribbean	69.4%	64.3%
56	Israel	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	67.9%	72.7%
57	Namibia	Sub-Saharan Africa	67.5%	71.2%
58	Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	66.9%	65.4%
59	Morocco	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	66.6%	61.6%
60	Jamaica	Latin America & Caribbean	66.0%	60.3%
61	Uruguay	Latin America & Caribbean	65.6%	69.2%
62	Slovenia	Europe & Central Asia	65.1%	68.2%
63	Togo	Sub-Saharan Africa	64.9%	57.6%
64	Rwanda	Sub-Saharan Africa	64.7%	59.9%
65	South Sudan	Sub-Saharan Africa	64.2%	46.3%
66	San Marino	Europe & Central Asia	63.8% 2024	43.6%
67	Montenegro	Europe & Central Asia	63.5%	64.9%
68	Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	62.9% 2024	69.7%
69	Germany	Europe & Central Asia	62.7%	75.6%
70	Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	61.7%	64.5%
71	Slovakia	Europe & Central Asia	61.4%	72.1%
72	Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	60.4%	62.4%
73	Romania	Europe & Central Asia	60.4%	71.3%
74	Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	59.9%	65.3%
75	Poland	Europe & Central Asia	59.7%	82.0%
76	Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	59.3%	50.3%
77	Philippines	East Asia & Pacific	59.1%	56.4%
78	São Tomé and Príncipe	Sub-Saharan Africa	59.1%	43.6%
79	Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	59.0%	50.4%
80	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Latin America & Caribbean	58.7%	79.3%
81	Côte d’Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	57.1%	50.9%
82	Iceland	Europe & Central Asia	56.7%	47.5%
83	Panama	Latin America & Caribbean	56.6%	49.6%
84	Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	56.3%	57.8%
85	West Bank and Gaza	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	55.9%	—
86	Liberia	Sub-Saharan Africa	55.1%	50.7%
87	Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	55.0%	32.5%
88	New Zealand	East Asia & Pacific	54.7%	55.4%
89	Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	54.5%	—
90	Norway	Europe & Central Asia	54.0%	26.0%
91	Albania	Europe & Central Asia	53.8%	45.9%
92	Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	53.2%	49.7%
93	Uganda	Sub-Saharan Africa	53.2%	57.2%
94	Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	52.9%	55.1%
95	Iraq	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	52.8%	73.2%
96	Palau	East Asia & Pacific	52.8%	41.0%
97	North Macedonia	Europe & Central Asia	52.6%	56.0%
98	Algeria	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	52.1%	78.9%
99	Australia	East Asia & Pacific	51.9%	54.3%
100	Papua New Guinea	East Asia & Pacific	51.6%	31.9%
101	Sierra Leone	Sub-Saharan Africa	51.4%	33.8%
102	Seychelles	Sub-Saharan Africa	51.2%	47.7%
103	South Korea	East Asia & Pacific	49.6% 2024	49.7%
104	Lesotho	Sub-Saharan Africa	49.4%	52.2%
105	Nepal	South Asia	49.4% 2026	47.7%
106	Ghana	Sub-Saharan Africa	48.8%	47.3%
107	Tanzania	Sub-Saharan Africa	47.8% 2023	41.4%
108	Madagascar	Sub-Saharan Africa	47.7%	49.7%
109	Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	46.9%	44.7%
110	Latvia	Europe & Central Asia	46.9%	54.9%
111	Malta	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	46.2%	44.4%
112	Niger	Sub-Saharan Africa	45.5%	43.4%
113	Mongolia	East Asia & Pacific	45.0%	61.7%
114	Eswatini	Sub-Saharan Africa	44.8%	48.0%
115	Netherlands	Europe & Central Asia	44.7%	48.0%
116	Czechia	Europe & Central Asia	44.2%	55.3%
117	Ethiopia	Sub-Saharan Africa	43.3%	27.5%
118	Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	42.6%	48.2%
119	Qatar	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	42.5%	35.7%
120	Serbia	Europe & Central Asia	42.2%	40.9%
121	Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	42.0%	37.5%
122	Chile	Latin America & Caribbean	41.5%	49.0%
123	Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	40.9%	41.6%
124	Bangladesh	South Asia	40.5% 2026	49.4%
125	Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	40.5%	34.3%
126	Mauritania	Sub-Saharan Africa	40.4%	39.8%
127	Honduras	Latin America & Caribbean	40.3%	38.3%
128	Mali	Sub-Saharan Africa	40.3%	39.8%
129	Switzerland	Europe & Central Asia	40.1%	35.9%
130	Lithuania	Europe & Central Asia	39.5%	57.0%
131	Kyrgyzstan	Europe & Central Asia	39.4%	31.4%
132	Moldova	Europe & Central Asia	39.2%	49.2%
133	Paraguay	Latin America & Caribbean	38.2%	35.9%
134	Zimbabwe	Sub-Saharan Africa	38.0%	25.7%
135	Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	36.3%	20.1%
136	Vanuatu	East Asia & Pacific	36.2%	43.9%
137	Nigeria	Sub-Saharan Africa	36.1%	31.9%
138	Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	35.0% 2024	44.1%
139	Ireland	Europe & Central Asia	34.8%	24.1%
140	Oman	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	34.7%	29.0%
141	Nicaragua	Latin America & Caribbean	34.6%	26.8%
142	Sweden	Europe & Central Asia	34.5%	30.7%
143	Georgia	Europe & Central Asia	34.3%	31.5%
144	United Arab Emirates	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	33.9%	26.1%
145	Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	33.3%	24.8%
146	Saudi Arabia	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	31.8%	48.7%
147	Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	31.3%	26.9%
148	Djibouti	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	31.3%	15.6%
149	Iran	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	31.2% 2024	43.4%
150	Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	30.5% 2024	64.4%
151	Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	30.5%	28.9%
152	Vietnam	East Asia & Pacific	30.5%	24.5%
153	Andorra	Europe & Central Asia	30.3%	24.1%
154	Peru	Latin America & Caribbean	30.1%	30.2%
155	Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	29.9%	40.9%
156	Guyana	Latin America & Caribbean	28.9%	28.3%
157	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	28.8%	43.6%
158	Uzbekistan	Europe & Central Asia	28.6%	25.0%
159	Denmark	Europe & Central Asia	27.4%	26.3%
160	Tonga	East Asia & Pacific	26.9%	65.0%
161	Guatemala	Latin America & Caribbean	26.7%	30.6%
162	Solomon Islands	East Asia & Pacific	26.6% 2024	36.1%
163	Luxembourg	Europe & Central Asia	26.5%	39.7%
164	Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	25.5%	25.7%
165	Kazakhstan	Europe & Central Asia	24.4% 2024	29.8%
166	Estonia	Europe & Central Asia	24.0%	43.1%
167	Türkiye	Europe & Central Asia	23.7%	25.4%
168	Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	20.1%	16.7%
169	Tajikistan	Europe & Central Asia	18.6%	22.2%
170	Samoa	East Asia & Pacific	18.6% 2026	24.2%
171	Kosovo	Europe & Central Asia	17.5%	22.7%
172	DR Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa	17.2% 2023	32.6%
173	Puerto Rico	Latin America & Caribbean	16.8% 2024	17.6%
174	Russia	Europe & Central Asia	16.6%	30.7%
175	Timor-Leste	East Asia & Pacific	13.6% 2024	15.3%
176	Haiti	Latin America & Caribbean	12.3%	10.3%
177	Nauru	East Asia & Pacific	12.2%	0.1%
178	Hong Kong	East Asia & Pacific	12.1%	20.0%
179	Micronesia	East Asia & Pacific	10.4% 2024	9.3%
180	Kiribati	East Asia & Pacific	8.9% 2024	36.4%
181	Marshall Islands	East Asia & Pacific	8.8%	14.2%
182	Afghanistan	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	7.6%	—
183	Turkmenistan	Europe & Central Asia	3.1%	2.5%
184	Kuwait	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	2.9% 2024	37.8%
185	Tuvalu	East Asia & Pacific	2.8%	2.9%
186	Brunei	East Asia & Pacific	1.6%	1.3%
187	Liechtenstein	Europe & Central Asia	0.5% 2024	0.5%
188	Macao	East Asia & Pacific	0.0%	0.0%
—	Lebanon	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	357.5% 2021	—
—	Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	260.4% 2019	—
—	Sudan	Sub-Saharan Africa	191.3% 2021	192.2%
—	Myanmar	East Asia & Pacific	49.1% 2020	56.0%
—	Syria	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	31.2% 2009	—

Latest actual values; a small year marks a value older than the main year. Click a column heading to sort, or pick a region. Economies whose latest data are older than 2023 (5) are listed at the end, without a rank. Forecasts are IMF staff projections (World Economic Outlook, October 2026).

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)

Other rankings

GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country · All economies

Data and methods

Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
Fiscal years: for some countries (for example India, Pakistan, Egypt and Iran) the IMF reports fiscal years, so its numbers can differ from calendar-year World Bank figures.
Latest actual: each economy's most recent year with actual (not estimated or forecast) data; a small year next to a value marks data older than the column's year.
Removed: zeros that stand for missing data in the source: government debt of Republic of the Congo in 1989–1999.