Europe & Central Asia · High income
Netherlands: the economy in numbers
Per person: $73,684, or $87,320 at purchasing power parity. Population: 18.1 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #18 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +1.5%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $145 billion in 1960, $1.33 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $12,599 per person in 1960, $73,684 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 1.9% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 7 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 79.2% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 10.2% in 1975.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1980: 76.7% of GDP in 1993. IMF forecast for 2031: 48.0%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2017 listed domestic companies were worth $1.1 trillion, or 129.7% of GDP.
Population
1960: 11.5 million · 2025: 18.1 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 7.3% · 2025: 3.9%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 73.4 years · 2024: 82.0 years.
Exports of goods and services
1969: 41.4% · 2025: 80.7%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 1.2%f | 2.0%f | 48.0%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 1.2%f | 2.0%f | 47.1%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 1.3%f | 2.0%f | 46.3%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 1.4%f | 2.6%f | 45.8%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.3%f | 2.8%f | 45.7%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 1.5%f | 2.9%f | 45.4%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.33T | $73,684 | $87,320 | 1.8% | 3.2% | 44.7% | 18.1M | 3.9% | 80.7% | ||
| 2024 | $1.21T | $67,465 | $85,218 | 1.1% | 3.3% | 44.0% | 18M | 3.7% | 82.0 | 82.5% | |
| 2023 | $1.14T | $63,516 | $80,392 | −0.6% | 3.8% | 45.8% | 17.9M | 3.5% | 81.9 | 87.5% | |
| 2022 | $1.05T | $59,123 | $78,630 | 5.0% | 10.0% | 48.4% | 17.7M | 3.5% | 81.6 | 96.4% | |
| 2021 | $1.05T | $60,142 | $68,574 | 6.3% | 2.7% | 50.5% | 17.5M | 4.2% | 81.3 | 86.5% | |
| 2020 | $933B | $53,468 | $62,597 | −3.9% | 1.3% | 53.4% | 17.4M | 3.8% | 81.4 | 81.2% | |
| 2019 | $929B | $53,555 | $62,345 | 2.3% | 2.6% | 47.7% | 17.3M | 3.4% | 82.1 | 85.3% | |
| 2018 | $930B | $53,955 | $58,819 | 2.3% | 1.7% | 51.6% | 17.2M | 3.8% | 81.8 | 87.1% | |
| 2017 | $848B | $49,514 | $56,038 | 2.8% | 1.4% | 56.0% | 17.1M | 4.8% | 129.7% | 81.8 | 85.2% |
| 2016 | $797B | $46,809 | $53,162 | 2.4% | 0.3% | 60.9% | 17M | 6.0% | 101.1% | 81.6 | 80.9% |
| 2015 | $776B | $45,794 | $50,957 | 2.1% | 0.6% | 63.8% | 16.9M | 6.9% | 93.9% | 81.5 | 84.0% |
| 2014 | $902B | $53,457 | $49,751 | 1.6% | 1.0% | 67.2% | 16.9M | 7.4% | 87.2% | 81.7 | 81.4% |
| 2013 | $884B | $52,602 | $49,622 | −0.0% | 2.5% | 67.2% | 16.8M | 7.2% | 92.5% | 81.3 | 80.4% |
| 2012 | $846B | $50,474 | $47,653 | −1.0% | 2.5% | 65.7% | 16.8M | 5.8% | 77.0% | 81.1 | 79.6% |
| 2011 | $913B | $54,702 | $47,004 | 1.8% | 2.3% | 61.2% | 16.7M | 5.0% | 65.1% | 81.2 | 75.2% |
| 2010 | $852B | $51,306 | $45,301 | 1.3% | 1.3% | 58.9% | 16.6M | 5.0% | 77.6% | 80.7 | 69.3% |
| 2009 | $879B | $53,172 | $44,959 | −3.7% | 1.2% | 56.3% | 16.5M | 4.4% | 63.6% | 80.5 | 61.6% |
| 2008 | $958B | $58,247 | $46,714 | 2.1% | 2.5% | 54.4% | 16.4M | 3.7% | 40.6% | 80.3 | 69.6% |
| 2007 | $853B | $52,101 | $44,203 | 3.9% | 1.6% | 42.7% | 16.4M | 4.2% | 112.0% | 80.1 | 68.7% |
| 2006 | $738B | $45,124 | $41,208 | 3.5% | 1.1% | 45.0% | 16.3M | 5.0% | 105.7% | 79.7 | 68.1% |
| 2005 | $688B | $42,165 | $37,778 | 2.0% | 1.7% | 49.6% | 16.3M | 5.9% | 86.2% | 79.3 | 65.6% |
| 2004 | $661B | $40,611 | $35,961 | 2.0% | 1.3% | 50.1% | 16.3M | 4.6% | 81.5% | 79.1 | 62.6% |
| 2003 | $582B | $35,897 | $34,286 | 0.1% | 2.1% | 49.8% | 16.2M | 3.6% | 83.9% | 78.5 | 59.2% |
| 2002 | $476B | $29,447 | $34,568 | 0.2% | 3.3% | 48.7% | 16.1M | 2.6% | 84.4% | 78.3 | 60.1% |
| 2001 | $433B | $26,956 | $33,259 | 2.3% | 4.2% | 49.4% | 16M | 2.1% | 116.3% | 78.2 | 63.4% |
| 2000 | $418B | $26,225 | $31,895 | 4.2% | 2.4% | 52.2% | 15.9M | 2.7% | 153.3% | 78.0 | 66.4% |
| 1999 | $448B | $28,319 | $29,316 | 5.0% | 2.2% | 58.6% | 15.8M | 3.6% | 155.0% | 77.8 | 60.3% |
| 1998 | $439B | $27,924 | $27,749 | 4.6% | 2.0% | 62.7% | 15.7M | 4.4% | 137.5% | 77.9 | 59.7% |
| 1997 | $418B | $26,745 | $26,062 | 4.2% | 2.1% | 65.7% | 15.6M | 5.5% | 112.2% | 77.8 | 60.8% |
| 1996 | $451B | $29,064 | $24,564 | 3.4% | 1.9% | 71.2% | 15.5M | 6.4% | 83.2% | 77.4 | 57.8% |
| 1995 | $453B | $29,301 | $23,480 | 3.1% | 1.9% | 73.0% | 15.5M | 7.2% | 63.3% | 77.4 | 57.7% |
| 1994 | $380B | $24,683 | $22,414 | 3.0% | 2.8% | 73.5% | 15.4M | 7.2% | 59.0% | 77.4 | 55.2% |
| 1993 | $354B | $23,156 | $21,443 | 1.3% | 2.6% | 76.7% | 15.3M | 6.3% | 51.3% | 76.9 | 53.0% |
| 1992 | $363B | $23,939 | $20,831 | 1.7% | 3.2% | 75.6% | 15.2M | 5.6% | 47.0% | 77.2 | 53.8% |
| 1991 | $328B | $21,764 | $20,177 | 2.4% | 3.2% | 74.8% | 15.1M | 7.3% | 51.6% | 77.0 | 55.6% |
| 1990 | $319B | $21,322 | $19,203 | 4.2% | 2.5% | 75.0% | 15M | 37.6% | 76.9 | 54.9% | |
| 1989 | $259B | $17,423 | 4.4% | 1.1% | 73.7% | 14.8M | 59.7% | 76.7 | 55.5% | ||
| 1988 | $262B | $17,771 | 3.4% | 0.7% | 73.7% | 14.8M | 41.2% | 76.9 | 52.2% | ||
| 1987 | $245B | $16,734 | 1.9% | −0.7% | 71.3% | 14.7M | 35.5% | 76.7 | 49.9% | ||
| 1986 | $201B | $13,804 | 2.8% | 0.1% | 68.9% | 14.6M | 41.6% | 76.3 | 51.2% | ||
| 1985 | $144B | $9,941 | 2.6% | 2.3% | 67.1% | 14.5M | 41.2% | 76.3 | 60.4% | ||
| 1984 | $144B | $9,992 | 3.1% | 3.3% | 61.9% | 14.4M | 24.6% | 76.2 | 58.9% | ||
| 1983 | $154B | $10,696 | 2.1% | 2.7% | 58.4% | 14.4M | 22.0% | 76.2 | 55.0% | ||
| 1982 | $159B | $11,089 | −1.2% | 5.9% | 52.4% | 14.3M | 16.2% | 76.0 | 55.4% | ||
| 1981 | $164B | $11,537 | −0.8% | 6.7% | 46.9% | 14.2M | 13.3% | 75.9 | 55.3% | ||
| 1980 | $195B | $13,812 | 1.3% | 6.5% | 43.6% | 14.1M | 15.0% | 75.7 | 50.8% | ||
| 1979 | $180B | $12,817 | 2.0% | 4.2% | 14M | 16.2% | 75.6 | 48.3% | |||
| 1978 | $156B | $11,196 | 2.7% | 4.1% | 13.9M | 17.0% | 75.1 | 44.2% | |||
| 1977 | $127B | $9,180 | 2.5% | 6.4% | 13.9M | 17.7% | 75.2 | 46.3% | |||
| 1976 | $109B | $7,937 | 4.5% | 8.8% | 13.8M | 18.5% | 74.6 | 49.0% | |||
| 1975 | $100B | $7,346 | 0.0% | 10.2% | 13.7M | 18.2% | 74.5 | 47.9% | |||
| 1974 | $87.4B | $6,450 | 3.4% | 9.6% | 13.5M | 74.5 | 50.8% | ||||
| 1973 | $71.9B | $5,353 | 5.4% | 8.0% | 13.4M | 74.1 | 45.8% | ||||
| 1972 | $54.8B | $4,110 | 3.5% | 7.8% | 13.3M | 73.7 | 43.7% | ||||
| 1971 | $44.6B | $3,384 | 4.3% | 7.5% | 13.2M | 73.8 | 43.8% | ||||
| 1970 | $38.2B | $2,931 | 6.1% | 3.7% | 13M | 73.6 | 43.5% | ||||
| 1969 | $34.1B | $2,647 | 6.4% | 7.4% | 12.9M | 73.5 | 41.4% | ||||
| 1968 | $30.1B | $2,364 | 6.4% | 3.7% | 12.7M | 73.6 | |||||
| 1967 | $27.1B | $2,155 | 5.3% | 3.5% | 12.6M | 73.8 | |||||
| 1966 | $24.7B | $1,986 | 2.7% | 5.8% | 12.5M | 73.5 | |||||
| 1965 | $22.7B | $1,848 | 8.6% | 3.9% | 12.3M | 73.6 | |||||
| 1964 | $20.2B | $1,668 | 8.3% | 5.8% | 12.1M | 73.7 | |||||
| 1963 | $17.2B | $1,437 | 3.6% | 3.2% | 12M | 73.3 | |||||
| 1962 | $15.8B | $1,342 | 6.8% | 2.4% | 11.8M | 73.3 | |||||
| 1961 | $14.6B | $1,254 | 0.3% | 1.3% | 11.6M | 73.7 | |||||
| 1960 | $13.3B | $1,156 | 2.3% | 11.5M | 73.4 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)