Europe & Central Asia · Upper middle income
Türkiye: the economy in numbers
Per person: $18,599, or $45,288 at purchasing power parity. Population: 85.9 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #16 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.7%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $82.4 billion in 1960, $1.6 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $2,910 per person in 1960, $18,599 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 4.7% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 6 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 86.6 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 105.2% in 1994. Years with inflation above 100%: 1. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 2000: 75.6% of GDP in 2001. IMF forecast for 2031: 25.4%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $404 billion, or 25.3% of GDP.
Population
1960: 28.3 million · 2025: 85.9 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 8.2% · 2025: 8.5%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 50.8 years · 2024: 77.4 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 2.1% · 2025: 24.8%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 4.0%f | 13.2%f | 25.4%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 4.0%f | 15.0%f | 25.1%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 4.0%f | 17.1%f | 24.1%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 4.0%f | 20.6%f | 23.2%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 3.6%f | 26.5%f | 22.6%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2.7%f | 31.2%f | 22.5%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.6T | $18,599 | $45,288 | 3.6% | 34.9% | 23.7% | 85.9M | 8.5% | 25.3% | 24.8% | |
| 2024 | $1.36T | $15,893 | $45,123 | 3.3% | 58.5% | 23.6% | 85.5M | 8.8% | 27.9% | 77.4 | 27.6% |
| 2023 | $1.14T | $13,375 | $43,196 | 5.0% | 53.9% | 28.3% | 85.3M | 9.4% | 29.6% | 77.2 | 31.9% |
| 2022 | $926B | $10,898 | $39,919 | 5.4% | 72.3% | 29.4% | 85M | 10.5% | 35.6% | 77.6 | 38.1% |
| 2021 | $840B | $9,982 | $32,106 | 11.8% | 19.6% | 38.9% | 84.1M | 12.0% | 16.5% | 75.7 | 35.1% |
| 2020 | $734B | $8,798 | $29,209 | 1.8% | 12.3% | 38.3% | 83.4M | 13.1% | 32.4% | 76.5 | 28.7% |
| 2019 | $776B | $9,395 | $29,016 | 1.3% | 15.2% | 31.2% | 82.6M | 13.7% | 23.8% | 77.7 | 33.0% |
| 2018 | $788B | $9,684 | $28,640 | 3.5% | 16.3% | 28.8% | 81.4M | 11.0% | 18.9% | 77.5 | 31.7% |
| 2017 | $864B | $10,756 | $28,354 | 7.8% | 11.1% | 26.9% | 80.3M | 10.9% | 26.3% | 77.0 | 26.5% |
| 2016 | $871B | $10,984 | $26,731 | 3.3% | 7.8% | 27.0% | 79.3M | 10.9% | 19.7% | 76.6 | 23.6% |
| 2015 | $865B | $11,065 | $25,897 | 5.8% | 7.7% | 26.5% | 78.2M | 10.3% | 21.8% | 76.5 | 25.3% |
| 2014 | $942B | $12,209 | $24,193 | 4.6% | 8.9% | 27.4% | 77.2M | 9.9% | 23.3% | 76.5 | 25.8% |
| 2013 | $962B | $12,636 | $22,475 | 8.5% | 7.5% | 29.5% | 76.1M | 9.7% | 20.3% | 76.2 | 24.4% |
| 2012 | $885B | $11,777 | $20,739 | 4.8% | 8.9% | 30.8% | 75.2M | 9.2% | 35.6% | 75.6 | 25.0% |
| 2011 | $844B | $11,374 | $19,717 | 11.0% | 6.5% | 34.8% | 74.2M | 9.8% | 23.3% | 74.8 | 23.5% |
| 2010 | $783B | $10,699 | $17,468 | 8.5% | 8.6% | 38.6% | 73.1M | 11.9% | 38.6% | 75.0 | 21.6% |
| 2009 | $654B | $9,077 | $15,552 | −4.9% | 6.3% | 42.4% | 72M | 14.0% | 35.4% | 74.7 | 23.8% |
| 2008 | $775B | $10,913 | $16,142 | 0.9% | 10.4% | 37.0% | 71.1M | 11.0% | 15.2% | 74.4 | 23.9% |
| 2007 | $685B | $9,767 | $14,952 | 5.1% | 8.8% | 37.1% | 70.2M | 10.3% | 41.5% | 74.1 | 22.2% |
| 2006 | $560B | $7,990 | $13,558 | 7.1% | 9.6% | 44.2% | 70M | 10.2% | 28.7% | 73.8 | 22.7% |
| 2005 | $508B | $7,332 | $11,803 | 9.1% | 8.2% | 50.2% | 69.3M | 10.6% | 31.5% | 73.5 | 22.1% |
| 2004 | $410B | $5,980 | $10,761 | 9.9% | 8.6% | 57.0% | 68.6M | 10.8% | 24.0% | 73.2 | 23.9% |
| 2003 | $315B | $4,650 | $9,475 | 5.8% | 21.6% | 63.6% | 67.8M | 10.5% | 21.7% | 72.9 | 23.2% |
| 2002 | $241B | $3,591 | $9,154 | 6.4% | 45.0% | 71.2% | 67M | 10.4% | 15.0% | 72.6 | 25.3% |
| 2001 | $202B | $3,052 | $9,015 | −5.5% | 54.4% | 75.6% | 66.2M | 8.4% | 23.9% | 72.3 | 27.3% |
| 2000 | $275B | $4,199 | $9,324 | 7.0% | 54.9% | 51.2% | 65.4M | 6.5% | 25.4% | 71.9 | 19.9% |
| 1999 | $257B | $3,974 | $8,470 | −3.1% | 64.9% | 64.6M | 7.7% | 43.9% | 70.8 | 18.8% | |
| 1998 | $276B | $4,331 | $8,762 | 1.9% | 84.6% | 63.7M | 6.9% | 12.2% | 71.1 | 20.7% | |
| 1997 | $264B | $4,197 | $11,511 | 7.4% | 85.7% | 62.9M | 6.8% | 23.2% | 70.7 | 21.4% | |
| 1996 | $250B | $4,041 | $10,621 | 7.2% | 80.4% | 62M | 6.6% | 12.1% | 70.2 | 19.6% | |
| 1995 | $235B | $3,846 | $9,955 | 7.9% | 89.1% | 61M | 7.6% | 8.9% | 69.7 | 18.3% | |
| 1994 | $131B | $2,176 | $9,247 | −4.7% | 105.2% | 60M | 8.6% | 16.5% | 69.4 | 21.4% | |
| 1993 | $180B | $3,058 | $9,743 | 7.7% | 66.1% | 59M | 9.0% | 20.3% | 69.0 | 13.7% | |
| 1992 | $159B | $2,744 | $8,963 | 5.0% | 70.1% | 58M | 8.5% | 68.6 | 14.4% | ||
| 1991 | $151B | $2,649 | $8,409 | 0.7% | 66.0% | 57M | 8.2% | 68.3 | 13.8% | ||
| 1990 | $151B | $2,690 | $8,201 | 9.3% | 60.3% | 56M | 67.8 | 13.4% | |||
| 1989 | $107B | $1,949 | 0.3% | 63.3% | 55M | 67.4 | 16.2% | ||||
| 1988 | $90.9B | $1,686 | 2.3% | 68.8% | 53.9M | 66.9 | 18.7% | ||||
| 1987 | $87.2B | $1,650 | 9.5% | 38.9% | 52.8M | 66.4 | 15.6% | ||||
| 1986 | $75.7B | $1,461 | 7.0% | 34.6% | 51.8M | 65.9 | 13.3% | ||||
| 1985 | $67.2B | $1,326 | 4.2% | 45.0% | 50.7M | 65.3 | 15.9% | ||||
| 1984 | $59.9B | $1,209 | 6.7% | 48.4% | 49.6M | 64.8 | 15.6% | ||||
| 1983 | $61.8B | $1,276 | 5.0% | 31.4% | 48.4M | 64.3 | 12.5% | ||||
| 1982 | $64.4B | $1,360 | 3.6% | 29.1% | 47.3M | 63.7 | 11.9% | ||||
| 1981 | $71.2B | $1,537 | 4.9% | 37.6% | 46.3M | 63.2 | 8.2% | ||||
| 1980 | $68.8B | $1,516 | −2.4% | 94.3% | 45.4M | 62.7 | 5.2% | ||||
| 1979 | $89.6B | $2,013 | −0.6% | 63.5% | 44.5M | 62.2 | 3.2% | ||||
| 1978 | $65.9B | $1,510 | 1.5% | 61.9% | 43.6M | 61.6 | 4.1% | ||||
| 1977 | $58.7B | $1,372 | 3.4% | 26.0% | 42.8M | 60.8 | 3.8% | ||||
| 1976 | $51.5B | $1,228 | 10.5% | 17.5% | 41.9M | 60.0 | 4.9% | ||||
| 1975 | $46B | $1,122 | 7.2% | 21.2% | 41.1M | 59.5 | 4.4% | ||||
| 1974 | $35.4B | $881 | 5.6% | 23.9% | 40.2M | 59.0 | 5.7% | ||||
| 1973 | $26B | $661 | 3.3% | 13.9% | 39.3M | 58.5 | 7.0% | ||||
| 1972 | $20.6B | $537 | 7.4% | 15.4% | 38.4M | 58.0 | 6.0% | ||||
| 1971 | $16.2B | $431 | 5.6% | 19.0% | 37.5M | 57.2 | 5.3% | ||||
| 1970 | $17.9B | $488 | 3.2% | 7.9% | 36.6M | 56.7 | 4.4% | ||||
| 1969 | $19.5B | $544 | 4.1% | 4.9% | 35.8M | 56.2 | 3.6% | ||||
| 1968 | $17.5B | $501 | 6.8% | 6.0% | 34.9M | 55.6 | 3.7% | ||||
| 1967 | $15.6B | $459 | 4.7% | 14.0% | 34.1M | 55.2 | 4.1% | ||||
| 1966 | $14.1B | $425 | 11.2% | 8.5% | 33.2M | 54.6 | 4.1% | ||||
| 1965 | $12B | $370 | 2.8% | 4.6% | 32.3M | 54.1 | 4.5% | ||||
| 1964 | $11.2B | $354 | 5.5% | 1.1% | 31.5M | 53.6 | 4.5% | ||||
| 1963 | $10.4B | $337 | 9.1% | 6.4% | 30.7M | 53.1 | 4.2% | ||||
| 1962 | $8.92B | $298 | 5.6% | 3.9% | 29.9M | 52.3 | 5.6% | ||||
| 1961 | $7.99B | $274 | 1.2% | 3.2% | 29.1M | 51.6 | 5.1% | ||||
| 1960 | $7.57B | $267 | 5.7% | 28.3M | 50.8 | 2.1% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)