Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · Lower middle income
Egypt: the economy in numbers
Per person: $3,086, or $20,204 at purchasing power parity. Population: 118 million (2025).
$365B+4.4%real GDP growth, 2025
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #43 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +5.1%.
GDP per capita
$3,086
2025 · #155 of 204
GDP per capita, PPP
$20,204
2025 · #103 of 197
Inflation
13.3%
2026 · IMF forecast 2027: 14.8%
Government debt
86.8%
2025 · % of GDP, general government
Population
118M
2025 · #13 of 217
Unemployment
6.8%
2025 · ILO estimate
Stock market capitalization
17.2%
2025 · % of GDP · $62.9B
Life expectancy
71.8 years
2024
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $45.8 billion in 1960, $365 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $1,704 per person in 1960, $3,086 in 2025.
GDP per capitaGDP per capita, PPP (international $)
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 4.3% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 1 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 15.8 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 33.9% in 2023.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1998: 98.3% of GDP in 2005. IMF forecast for 2031: 71.5%.
General government (IMF)Central government only (World Bank)
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $62.9 billion, or 17.2% of GDP.
Population
1960: 26.9 million · 2025: 118 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 9.4% · 2025: 6.8%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 44.4 years · 2024: 71.8 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 19.9% · 2025: 19.8%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 4.8%f | 5.4%f | 71.5%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 4.8%f | 5.8%f | 75.0%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 5.5%f | 6.5%f | 78.0%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 5.0%f | 8.9%f | 81.4%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 4.7%f | 14.8%f | 82.9%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 5.1%f | 13.3% | 84.0%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $365B | $3,086 | $20,204 | 4.4% | 14.1% | 86.8% | 118M | 6.8% | 17.2% | 19.8% | |
| 2024 | $389B | $3,338 | $19,122 | 2.4% | 28.3% | 90.9% | 117M | 6.8% | 10.9% | 71.8 | 16.4% |
| 2023 | $396B | $3,457 | $18,540 | 3.8% | 33.9% | 95.9% | 115M | 6.8% | 14.0% | 71.6 | 19.1% |
| 2022 | $477B | $4,233 | $17,524 | 6.6% | 13.9% | 88.5% | 113M | 6.5% | 8.1% | 71.0 | 15.1% |
| 2021 | $425B | $3,827 | $15,579 | 3.3% | 5.2% | 89.9% | 111M | 7.4% | 11.5% | 69.0 | 10.6% |
| 2020 | $384B | $3,511 | $15,232 | 3.6% | 5.0% | 86.2% | 109M | 8.0% | 10.8% | 69.8 | 12.5% |
| 2019 | $319B | $2,963 | $13,364 | 5.6% | 9.2% | 80.1% | 108M | 7.9% | 13.9% | 71.2 | 16.6% |
| 2018 | $263B | $2,485 | $12,329 | 5.3% | 14.4% | 87.9% | 106M | 9.9% | 16.0% | 71.0 | 18.0% |
| 2017 | $248B | $2,395 | $11,125 | 4.2% | 29.5% | 97.8% | 104M | 11.8% | 18.7% | 70.7 | 15.0% |
| 2016 | $332B | $3,271 | $10,666 | 4.3% | 13.8% | 91.6% | 102M | 12.4% | 10.0% | 70.4 | 10.3% |
| 2015 | $329B | $3,307 | $10,903 | 4.4% | 10.4% | 83.8% | 99.6M | 13.1% | 16.8% | 70.1 | 13.2% |
| 2014 | $306B | $3,133 | $10,256 | 2.9% | 10.1% | 80.9% | 97.5M | 13.1% | 22.9% | 69.9 | 14.2% |
| 2013 | $288B | $3,026 | $10,511 | 2.2% | 9.5% | 79.8% | 95.3M | 13.2% | 21.4% | 69.6 | 17.0% |
| 2012 | $279B | $2,996 | $10,342 | 2.2% | 7.1% | 69.9% | 93.2M | 12.6% | 21.2% | 69.5 | 16.4% |
| 2011 | $236B | $2,591 | $8,988 | 1.8% | 10.1% | 72.8% | 91.1M | 11.8% | 20.7% | 69.2 | 20.6% |
| 2010 | $219B | $2,455 | $8,838 | 5.1% | 11.3% | 69.6% | 89.2M | 8.8% | 38.5% | 69.1 | 21.3% |
| 2009 | $189B | $2,162 | $8,465 | 4.7% | 11.8% | 69.5% | 87.5M | 9.1% | 48.2% | 68.9 | 25.0% |
| 2008 | $163B | $1,896 | $8,191 | 7.2% | 18.3% | 66.8% | 85.9M | 8.5% | 52.8% | 68.8 | 33.0% |
| 2007 | $130B | $1,548 | $7,641 | 7.1% | 9.3% | 76.3% | 84.3M | 8.8% | 106.8% | 68.6 | 30.2% |
| 2006 | $107B | $1,299 | $7,079 | 6.8% | 7.6% | 85.9% | 82.7M | 10.5% | 87.0% | 68.5 | 29.9% |
| 2005 | $89.7B | $1,106 | $6,554 | 4.5% | 4.9% | 98.3% | 81.1M | 11.0% | 68.4 | 30.3% | |
| 2004 | $78.8B | $991 | $6,207 | 4.1% | 11.3% | 96.5% | 79.5M | 10.3% | 68.2 | 28.2% | |
| 2003 | $80.3B | $1,031 | $5,928 | 3.2% | 4.5% | 97.1% | 77.9M | 10.9% | 68.0 | 21.8% | |
| 2002 | $85.1B | $1,117 | $5,753 | 2.4% | 2.7% | 85.8% | 76.2M | 10.0% | 67.8 | 18.3% | |
| 2001 | $96.7B | $1,295 | $5,650 | 3.5% | 2.3% | 79.1% | 74.7M | 9.3% | 67.6 | 17.5% | |
| 2000 | $99.8B | $1,366 | $5,452 | 6.4% | 2.7% | 71.7% | 73.1M | 9.0% | 67.3 | 16.2% | |
| 1999 | $90.7B | $1,268 | $5,121 | 6.1% | 3.1% | 72.4% | 71.5M | 8.0% | 67.0 | 15.1% | |
| 1998 | $84.8B | $1,213 | $4,869 | 5.6% | 3.9% | 73.8% | 69.9M | 8.0% | 66.6 | 16.2% | |
| 1997 | $78.4B | $1,146 | $4,661 | 5.5% | 4.6% | 68.4M | 8.4% | 66.2 | 18.8% | ||
| 1996 | $67.6B | $1,009 | $4,434 | 5.0% | 7.2% | 67M | 9.0% | 65.7 | 20.7% | ||
| 1995 | $60.2B | $916 | $4,235 | 4.6% | 15.7% | 65.7M | 11.0% | 65.2 | 22.5% | ||
| 1994 | $51.9B | $807 | $4,048 | 4.0% | 8.2% | 64.3M | 10.9% | 64.7 | 22.6% | ||
| 1993 | $46.6B | $740 | $3,895 | 2.9% | 12.1% | 62.9M | 10.9% | 64.1 | 25.8% | ||
| 1992 | $41.9B | $681 | $3,784 | 4.5% | 13.6% | 61.5M | 8.9% | 63.6 | 28.4% | ||
| 1991 | $37.4B | $623 | $3,627 | 1.1% | 19.7% | 60M | 9.4% | 63.1 | 27.5% | ||
| 1990 | $43B | $736 | $3,566 | 5.7% | 16.8% | 58.4M | 62.5 | 20.4% | |||
| 1989 | $39.8B | $701 | 4.9% | 21.3% | 56.7M | 61.9 | 17.8% | ||||
| 1988 | $35B | $634 | 5.5% | 17.7% | 55.2M | 61.4 | 17.4% | ||||
| 1987 | $40.5B | $754 | 3.8% | 19.7% | 53.7M | 60.7 | 12.6% | ||||
| 1986 | $41.3B | $790 | 4.7% | 23.9% | 52.2M | 60.1 | 13.8% | ||||
| 1985 | $39.1B | $770 | 5.8% | 12.1% | 50.7M | 59.4 | 18.2% | ||||
| 1984 | $34B | $690 | 9.7% | 17.0% | 49.2M | 58.7 | 20.6% | ||||
| 1983 | $31B | $648 | 5.1% | 16.1% | 47.8M | 58.0 | 22.9% | ||||
| 1982 | $27.7B | $596 | 9.9% | 14.8% | 46.4M | 57.2 | 26.3% | ||||
| 1981 | $22.1B | $490 | 7.3% | 10.3% | 45.1M | 56.5 | 31.0% | ||||
| 1980 | $21.7B | $493 | 10.0% | 20.8% | 44M | 55.7 | 30.5% | ||||
| 1979 | $18B | $421 | 4.5% | 9.9% | 42.8M | 54.9 | 26.5% | ||||
| 1978 | $14.8B | $355 | 8.6% | 11.1% | 41.8M | 54.1 | 19.9% | ||||
| 1977 | $14.4B | $353 | 9.0% | 12.7% | 40.7M | 53.3 | 21.6% | ||||
| 1976 | $13.3B | $335 | 13.3% | 10.3% | 39.8M | 52.5 | 17.2% | ||||
| 1975 | $11.6B | $299 | 8.9% | 9.7% | 38.9M | 51.7 | 18.2% | ||||
| 1974 | $9.23B | $243 | 1.6% | 10.0% | 38M | 51.0 | 20.4% | ||||
| 1973 | $10.1B | $272 | 3.5% | 5.1% | 37.1M | 50.1 | 13.5% | ||||
| 1972 | $9.3B | $256 | 3.1% | 2.1% | 36.3M | 49.9 | 12.7% | ||||
| 1971 | $8.61B | $243 | 4.1% | 3.1% | 35.4M | 49.5 | 13.2% | ||||
| 1970 | $8.04B | $232 | 5.6% | 3.8% | 34.6M | 49.0 | 13.6% | ||||
| 1969 | $6.52B | $193 | 5.3% | 3.4% | 33.8M | 48.7 | 13.5% | ||||
| 1968 | $5.93B | $180 | −1.6% | −1.7% | 33M | 48.6 | 11.8% | ||||
| 1967 | $5.61B | $174 | 0.8% | 0.7% | 32.2M | 48.1 | 16.8% | ||||
| 1966 | $5.28B | $168 | 5.0% | 9.0% | 31.4M | 48.0 | 16.3% | ||||
| 1965 | $4.95B | $162 | 4.9% | 14.8% | 30.6M | 47.6 | 17.1% | ||||
| 1964 | $4.71B | $158 | 11.5% | 3.7% | 29.9M | 47.1 | 18.4% | ||||
| 1963 | $4.19B | $144 | 10.5% | 0.7% | 29.1M | 46.5 | 17.8% | ||||
| 1962 | $4.04B | $142 | 3.9% | −3.0% | 28.3M | 45.8 | 15.1% | ||||
| 1961 | $4.49B | $163 | 5.2% | 0.7% | 27.6M | 45.1 | 17.6% | ||||
| 1960 | $4.21B | $156 | 0.3% | 26.9M | 44.4 | 19.9% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Inflation: IMF data for 2026, World Bank for the other years.
Nearby economies in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Afghanistan · Algeria · Bahrain · Djibouti · Egypt · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Kuwait · Lebanon · Libya · Malta · Morocco · Oman · Pakistan · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Tunisia · United Arab Emirates · West Bank and Gaza · Yemen
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
- Fiscal year: the IMF reports this economy by fiscal year (latest actual: FY2024/25), so IMF numbers can differ from calendar-year World Bank figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)