Europe & Central Asia · Upper middle income
Turkmenistan: the economy in numbers
Per person: $6,540, or $22,602 at purchasing power parity. Population: 7.62 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #97 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.4%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $6.61 billion in 1987, $49.8 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $1,915 per person in 1987, $6,540 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 6.2% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1988: 6 of 38.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Highest annual inflation: 3,102% in 1993. Years with inflation above 100%: 4. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1997: 81.6% of GDP in 1998. IMF forecast for 2031: 2.5%.
Population
1960: 1.64 million · 2025: 7.62 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 1.4% · 2025: 4.3%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 52.1 years · 2024: 70.2 years.
Exports of goods and services
1991: 39.0% · 2025: 14.5%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 2.6%f | 4.5%f | 2.5%f | |||||||
| 2030 | 2.6%f | 4.6%f | 2.5%f | |||||||
| 2029 | 2.6%f | 4.4%f | 2.6%f | |||||||
| 2028 | 2.5%f | 4.1%f | 2.7%f | |||||||
| 2027 | 2.5%f | 4.3%f | 2.8%f | |||||||
| 2026 | 2.4%f | 5.6%f | 2.9%f | |||||||
| 2025 | $49.8B | $6,540 | $22,602 | 6.3% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 7.62M | 4.3% | 14.5% | |
| 2024 | $44.2B | $5,904 | $21,026 | 6.3% | 4.6% | 4.1% | 7.49M | 4.0% | 70.2 | 17.6% |
| 2023 | $39B | $5,298 | $19,645 | 6.3% | −1.6% | 5.5% | 7.36M | 4.0% | 70.1 | 21.7% |
| 2022 | $37.6B | $5,198 | $18,149 | 6.2% | 11.2% | 7.1% | 7.23M | 4.0% | 69.9 | 25.2% |
| 2021 | $26.3B | $3,713 | $16,260 | 6.2% | 19.5% | 12.3% | 7.09M | 4.5% | 69.4 | 20.8% |
| 2020 | $27.4B | $3,935 | $14,971 | 5.9% | 6.1% | 15.4% | 6.95M | 4.5% | 68.8 | 16.9% |
| 2019 | $29.7B | $4,365 | $15,389 | 6.3% | 5.1% | 17.7% | 6.8M | 4.0% | 69.4 | 24.7% |
| 2018 | $26B | $3,912 | $14,368 | 6.2% | 13.1% | 22.5% | 6.66M | 4.0% | 69.3 | 28.6% |
| 2017 | $33.4B | $5,126 | $13,278 | 6.5% | 8.0% | 24.7% | 6.51M | 4.0% | 69.2 | 20.5% |
| 2016 | $33.3B | $5,238 | $12,919 | 6.2% | 3.6% | 21.1% | 6.36M | 4.0% | 69.1 | 21.9% |
| 2015 | $35.8B | $5,759 | $12,715 | 6.5% | 7.4% | 19.0% | 6.22M | 4.0% | 69.1 | 34.0% |
| 2014 | $43.5B | $7,164 | $12,477 | 10.3% | 6.0% | 16.0% | 6.08M | 4.0% | 69.0 | 55.8% |
| 2013 | $39.2B | $6,600 | $11,723 | 10.2% | 6.8% | 20.4% | 5.94M | 4.0% | 69.0 | 59.1% |
| 2012 | $35.2B | $6,054 | $11,035 | 11.1% | 5.3% | 17.9% | 5.81M | 4.0% | 69.0 | 69.8% |
| 2011 | $29.2B | $5,144 | $10,283 | 14.7% | 5.3% | 14.8% | 5.68M | 4.0% | 68.9 | 70.4% |
| 2010 | $22.6B | $4,059 | $8,970 | 9.2% | 4.4% | 7.0% | 5.56M | 4.0% | 68.6 | 52.6% |
| 2009 | $20.2B | $3,708 | $8,284 | 6.1% | −2.7% | 3.1% | 5.45M | 4.0% | 68.2 | 47.1% |
| 2008 | $19.3B | $3,606 | $7,914 | 14.7% | 14.5% | 3.6% | 5.35M | 4.9% | 67.6 | 57.4% |
| 2007 | $12.7B | $2,415 | $6,900 | 11.1% | 6.3% | 3.1% | 5.24M | 5.7% | 67.0 | 36.8% |
| 2006 | $10.3B | $1,997 | $6,163 | 11.0% | 8.2% | 4.2% | 5.15M | 6.6% | 66.6 | 35.1% |
| 2005 | $8.1B | $1,604 | $5,488 | 13.0% | 10.7% | 6.8% | 5.05M | 7.5% | 66.3 | 30.7% |
| 2004 | $6.84B | $1,379 | $4,797 | 5.0% | 5.9% | 11.4% | 4.96M | 8.4% | 66.1 | 29.7% |
| 2003 | $5.98B | $1,229 | $4,535 | 3.3% | 5.6% | 16.9% | 4.86M | 9.3% | 65.9 | 32.6% |
| 2002 | $4.46B | $936 | $4,392 | 0.3% | 8.8% | 24.2% | 4.77M | 10.1% | 65.6 | 35.4% |
| 2001 | $3.53B | $756 | $4,401 | 4.3% | 11.6% | 34.1% | 4.68M | 10.9% | 65.3 | 41.5% |
| 2000 | $2.9B | $634 | $4,208 | 5.5% | 8.0% | 55.1% | 4.58M | 11.7% | 64.9 | 55.2% |
| 1999 | $2.45B | $546 | $3,980 | 16.5% | 23.5% | 66.7% | 4.49M | 12.7% | 64.5 | 35.7% |
| 1998 | $2.61B | $591 | $3,431 | 7.1% | 16.8% | 81.6% | 4.41M | 12.2% | 64.0 | 29.7% |
| 1997 | $2.45B | $565 | $3,222 | −11.4% | 83.7% | 64.2% | 4.34M | 11.0% | 63.7 | 39.0% |
| 1996 | $2.38B | $558 | $3,636 | 6.7% | 992.4% | 4.26M | 10.3% | 63.5 | 74.6% | |
| 1995 | $2.48B | $592 | $3,404 | −7.2% | 1,005% | 4.19M | 8.3% | 63.5 | 84.0% | |
| 1994 | $2.56B | $622 | $3,658 | −17.3% | 1,748% | 4.12M | 4.7% | 63.5 | 85.0% | |
| 1993 | $3.18B | $788 | $4,421 | 1.5% | 3,102% | 4.03M | 1.5% | 63.6 | 84.7% | |
| 1992 | $3.2B | $811 | $4,350 | −15.0% | 3.94M | 1.5% | 63.8 | 67.1% | ||
| 1991 | $3.21B | $832 | $5,117 | −4.6% | 3.86M | 1.4% | 63.8 | 39.0% | ||
| 1990 | $3.19B | $848 | $5,320 | 35.4% | 3.76M | 63.9 | ||||
| 1989 | $3.01B | $821 | −4.3% | 3.66M | 63.8 | |||||
| 1988 | $3.01B | $846 | 11.0% | 3.56M | 63.7 | |||||
| 1987 | $2.33B | $675 | 3.45M | 63.5 | ||||||
| 1986 | 3.35M | 63.2 | ||||||||
| 1985 | 3.25M | 62.8 | ||||||||
| 1984 | 3.15M | 62.4 | ||||||||
| 1983 | 3.07M | 62.0 | ||||||||
| 1982 | 2.99M | 61.6 | ||||||||
| 1981 | 2.91M | 61.0 | ||||||||
| 1980 | 2.83M | 60.2 | ||||||||
| 1979 | 2.76M | 59.1 | ||||||||
| 1978 | 2.69M | 58.3 | ||||||||
| 1977 | 2.62M | 57.7 | ||||||||
| 1976 | 2.56M | 57.4 | ||||||||
| 1975 | 2.49M | 57.2 | ||||||||
| 1974 | 2.43M | 57.0 | ||||||||
| 1973 | 2.37M | 56.8 | ||||||||
| 1972 | 2.31M | 56.6 | ||||||||
| 1971 | 2.25M | 56.3 | ||||||||
| 1970 | 2.2M | 56.0 | ||||||||
| 1969 | 2.14M | 55.7 | ||||||||
| 1968 | 2.08M | 55.3 | ||||||||
| 1967 | 2.03M | 54.8 | ||||||||
| 1966 | 1.97M | 54.4 | ||||||||
| 1965 | 1.92M | 54.0 | ||||||||
| 1964 | 1.86M | 53.6 | ||||||||
| 1963 | 1.8M | 53.2 | ||||||||
| 1962 | 1.75M | 52.9 | ||||||||
| 1961 | 1.7M | 52.5 | ||||||||
| 1960 | 1.64M | 52.1 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Inflation: IMF data.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)