East Asia & Pacific · Upper middle income
Indonesia: the economy in numbers
Per person: $5,060, or $17,660 at purchasing power parity. Population: 286 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #17 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +5.1%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $54.7 billion in 1967, $1.45 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $514 per person in 1967, $5,060 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 4.2% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 3 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 4 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 1,136% in 1966. Years with inflation above 100%: 7. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 2000: 87.4% of GDP in 2000. IMF forecast for 2031: 41.6%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $950 billion, or 65.7% of GDP.
Population
1960: 88.3 million · 2025: 286 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 2.6% · 2025: 3.2%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 46.8 years · 2024: 71.3 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 11.5% · 2025: 22.8%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 5.2%f | 2.5%f | 41.6%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 5.2%f | 2.5%f | 41.6%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 5.2%f | 2.5%f | 41.5%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 5.2%f | 2.5%f | 41.4%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 5.1%f | 2.8%f | 41.6%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 5.1%f | 3.3%f | 41.7%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.45T | $5,060 | $17,660 | 5.1% | 1.9% | 40.9% | 286M | 3.2% | 65.7% | 22.8% | |
| 2024 | $1.4T | $4,925 | $16,472 | 5.0% | 2.2% | 40.2% | 283M | 3.3% | 54.4% | 71.3 | 22.3% |
| 2023 | $1.37T | $4,876 | $15,428 | 5.0% | 3.7% | 39.6% | 281M | 3.3% | 55.3% | 71.1 | 21.8% |
| 2022 | $1.32T | $4,731 | $14,283 | 5.3% | 4.2% | 40.1% | 279M | 3.5% | 46.3% | 70.9 | 24.5% |
| 2021 | $1.19T | $4,287 | $12,757 | 3.7% | 1.6% | 41.1% | 277M | 3.8% | 48.8% | 67.5 | 21.4% |
| 2020 | $1.06T | $3,854 | $11,729 | −2.1% | 1.9% | 39.7% | 275M | 4.3% | 46.8% | 68.8 | 17.3% |
| 2019 | $1.12T | $4,107 | $11,986 | 5.0% | 3.0% | 30.6% | 272M | 3.6% | 46.8% | 70.3 | 18.6% |
| 2018 | $1.04T | $3,861 | $11,372 | 5.2% | 3.2% | 30.4% | 270M | 4.4% | 46.7% | 70.1 | 21.0% |
| 2017 | $1.02T | $3,799 | $10,688 | 5.1% | 3.8% | 29.4% | 267M | 3.8% | 51.3% | 70.0 | 20.2% |
| 2016 | $932B | $3,521 | $10,263 | 5.0% | 3.5% | 28.0% | 265M | 4.3% | 45.7% | 69.7 | 19.1% |
| 2015 | $861B | $3,288 | $10,028 | 4.9% | 6.4% | 27.0% | 262M | 4.5% | 41.0% | 69.5 | 21.2% |
| 2014 | $891B | $3,441 | $10,065 | 5.0% | 6.4% | 24.6% | 259M | 4.0% | 47.4% | 69.3 | 23.7% |
| 2013 | $913B | $3,567 | $9,866 | 5.6% | 6.4% | 24.9% | 256M | 4.3% | 38.0% | 69.1 | 23.9% |
| 2012 | $918B | $3,632 | $9,530 | 6.0% | 4.3% | 23.0% | 253M | 4.5% | 46.7% | 68.9 | 24.6% |
| 2011 | $893B | $3,579 | $8,937 | 6.2% | 5.4% | 23.1% | 249M | 5.2% | 43.7% | 68.6 | 26.3% |
| 2010 | $755B | $3,066 | $8,353 | 6.2% | 5.1% | 26.4% | 246M | 5.6% | 47.7% | 68.4 | 24.3% |
| 2009 | $540B | $2,218 | $7,868 | 4.6% | 4.4% | 26.5% | 243M | 6.1% | 39.8% | 68.3 | 24.2% |
| 2008 | $510B | $2,125 | $7,569 | 6.0% | 10.2% | 30.3% | 240M | 7.2% | 19.4% | 68.1 | 29.8% |
| 2007 | $432B | $1,823 | $7,096 | 6.3% | 6.4% | 38.1% | 237M | 8.1% | 49.0% | 67.9 | 29.4% |
| 2006 | $365B | $1,558 | $6,583 | 5.5% | 13.1% | 35.8% | 234M | 7.6% | 38.1% | 67.7 | 31.0% |
| 2005 | $286B | $1,238 | $6,134 | 5.7% | 10.5% | 42.6% | 231M | 7.9% | 28.5% | 67.5 | 34.1% |
| 2004 | $257B | $1,127 | $5,700 | 5.0% | 6.1% | 51.3% | 228M | 7.3% | 28.5% | 65.5 | 32.2% |
| 2003 | $235B | $1,043 | $5,353 | 4.8% | 6.8% | 55.6% | 225M | 6.7% | 23.3% | 67.1 | 30.5% |
| 2002 | $196B | $881 | $5,076 | 4.5% | 11.9% | 62.3% | 222M | 6.6% | 15.4% | 67.0 | 32.7% |
| 2001 | $160B | $732 | $4,849 | 3.6% | 11.5% | 73.7% | 219M | 6.1% | 14.3% | 66.6 | 39.0% |
| 2000 | $165B | $764 | $4,639 | 4.9% | 3.7% | 87.4% | 216M | 6.1% | 16.2% | 66.3 | 41.0% |
| 1999 | $140B | $657 | $4,386 | 0.8% | 20.5% | 213M | 6.4% | 45.7% | 66.0 | 35.5% | |
| 1998 | $95.4B | $455 | $4,356 | −13.1% | 58.5% | 210M | 5.5% | 23.1% | 65.9 | 53.0% | |
| 1997 | $216B | $1,045 | $5,037 | 4.7% | 6.2% | 207M | 4.7% | 13.5% | 65.8 | 27.9% | |
| 1996 | $227B | $1,119 | $4,807 | 7.8% | 8.0% | 203M | 4.9% | 40.0% | 65.5 | 25.8% | |
| 1995 | $202B | $1,011 | $4,451 | 8.2% | 9.4% | 200M | 4.6% | 32.9% | 65.3 | 26.3% | |
| 1994 | $177B | $900 | $4,096 | 7.5% | 8.5% | 197M | 4.4% | 65.0 | 26.5% | ||
| 1993 | $158B | $817 | $3,793 | 6.5% | 9.7% | 193M | 2.8% | 64.9 | 26.8% | ||
| 1992 | $128B | $674 | $3,538 | 6.5% | 7.5% | 190M | 2.7% | 64.2 | 30.3% | ||
| 1991 | $117B | $624 | $3,305 | 6.9% | 9.4% | 187M | 2.6% | 63.7 | 28.4% | ||
| 1990 | $106B | $578 | $3,044 | 7.2% | 7.8% | 184M | 63.2 | 27.3% | |||
| 1989 | $94.5B | $524 | 7.5% | 6.4% | 180M | 62.9 | 26.1% | ||||
| 1988 | $84.3B | $477 | 5.8% | 8.0% | 177M | 62.4 | 25.0% | ||||
| 1987 | $75.9B | $438 | 4.9% | 9.3% | 174M | 62.1 | 24.6% | ||||
| 1986 | $80B | $470 | 5.9% | 5.8% | 170M | 61.7 | 20.5% | ||||
| 1985 | $85.3B | $511 | 2.5% | 4.7% | 167M | 61.4 | 23.8% | ||||
| 1984 | $84.9B | $520 | 7.0% | 10.5% | 163M | 60.9 | 27.3% | ||||
| 1983 | $81.1B | $508 | 4.2% | 11.8% | 160M | 60.3 | 27.7% | ||||
| 1982 | $90.2B | $578 | 2.2% | 9.4% | 156M | 59.7 | 22.4% | ||||
| 1981 | $85.5B | $561 | 7.9% | 12.3% | 152M | 59.1 | 27.6% | ||||
| 1980 | $72.5B | $487 | 9.9% | 18.0% | 149M | 58.7 | 30.5% | ||||
| 1979 | $51.4B | $353 | 7.3% | 16.2% | 145M | 58.2 | 30.1% | ||||
| 1978 | $51.5B | $362 | 6.8% | 8.1% | 142M | 57.6 | 21.9% | ||||
| 1977 | $45.8B | $331 | 8.8% | 11.1% | 139M | 57.1 | 23.5% | ||||
| 1976 | $37.3B | $276 | 6.9% | 19.8% | 135M | 56.4 | 22.2% | ||||
| 1975 | $30.5B | $231 | 5.0% | 19.2% | 132M | 56.0 | 22.5% | ||||
| 1974 | $25.8B | $201 | 7.6% | 40.5% | 129M | 55.4 | 29.0% | ||||
| 1973 | $16.3B | $130 | 8.1% | 31.0% | 125M | 54.9 | 20.1% | ||||
| 1972 | $11B | $90 | 7.0% | 6.5% | 122M | 54.4 | 16.5% | ||||
| 1971 | $9.33B | $79 | 7.0% | 4.2% | 119M | 53.8 | 14.4% | ||||
| 1970 | $9.15B | $79 | 7.6% | 12.4% | 116M | 53.3 | 12.8% | ||||
| 1969 | $8.34B | $74 | 6.8% | 15.5% | 113M | 52.6 | 9.0% | ||||
| 1968 | $7.08B | $65 | 10.9% | 128.8% | 109M | 51.9 | 10.9% | ||||
| 1967 | $5.67B | $53 | 1.4% | 106.0% | 107M | 51.3 | 8.8% | ||||
| 1966 | 2.8% | 1,136% | 104M | 48.4 | 12.8% | ||||||
| 1965 | 1.1% | 306.8% | 101M | 42.8 | 5.3% | ||||||
| 1964 | 3.5% | 109.0% | 98.8M | 49.4 | 12.3% | ||||||
| 1963 | −2.2% | 145.9% | 96.1M | 48.7 | 9.1% | ||||||
| 1962 | 1.8% | 131.4% | 93.4M | 48.1 | 5.2% | ||||||
| 1961 | 5.7% | 13.7% | 90.8M | 47.4 | 11.1% | ||||||
| 1960 | 39.6% | 88.3M | 46.8 | 11.5% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in East Asia & Pacific
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
American Samoa · Australia · Brunei · Cambodia · China · Fiji · French Polynesia · Guam · Hong Kong · Indonesia · Japan · Kiribati · Laos · Macao · Malaysia · Marshall Islands · Micronesia · Mongolia · Myanmar · Nauru · New Caledonia · New Zealand · North Korea · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Philippines · Samoa · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Korea · Thailand · Timor-Leste · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu · Vietnam
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)