East Asia & Pacific · Upper middle income
Mongolia: the economy in numbers
Per person: $7,108, or $20,798 at purchasing power parity. Population: 3.57 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #123 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +6.2%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $8.22 billion in 1980, $25.4 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $4,829 per person in 1980, $7,108 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 4.1% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1980: 6 of 46.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 7.67 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 268.2% in 1993. Years with inflation above 100%: 3. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 2006: 86.9% of GDP in 2017. IMF forecast for 2031: 61.7%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Population
1960: 977,595 · 2025: 3.57 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 5.7% · 2025: 5.2%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 44.5 years · 2024: 72.4 years.
Exports of goods and services
1981: 23.9% · 2025: 68.1%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 5.0%f | 6.6%f | 61.7%f | |||||||
| 2030 | 5.0%f | 6.9%f | 59.5%f | |||||||
| 2029 | 5.1%f | 7.4%f | 56.5%f | |||||||
| 2028 | 5.6%f | 8.2%f | 53.6%f | |||||||
| 2027 | 5.9%f | 10.7%f | 48.3%f | |||||||
| 2026 | 6.2%f | 11.0%f | 44.1%f | |||||||
| 2025 | $25.4B | $7,108 | $20,798 | 6.8% | 8.6% | 45.0% | 3.57M | 5.2% | 68.1% | |
| 2024 | $23.8B | $6,751 | $19,173 | 5.1% | 6.2% | 44.1% | 3.52M | 5.2% | 72.4 | 68.7% |
| 2023 | $20.3B | $5,839 | $18,020 | 7.4% | 10.3% | 46.7% | 3.48M | 5.2% | 72.1 | 76.3% |
| 2022 | $17.1B | $4,994 | $16,399 | 5.0% | 15.2% | 64.5% | 3.43M | 6.0% | 71.9 | 65.1% |
| 2021 | $15.3B | $4,518 | $14,792 | 1.6% | 7.4% | 67.3% | 3.38M | 7.9% | 71.6 | 58.5% |
| 2020 | $13.3B | $4,001 | $13,693 | −4.6% | 3.7% | 83.4% | 3.33M | 6.4% | 71.3 | 57.7% |
| 2019 | $14.2B | $4,348 | $13,605 | 5.6% | 7.3% | 66.8% | 3.27M | 9.0% | 71.1 | 59.2% |
| 2018 | $13.2B | $4,108 | $12,317 | 7.7% | 6.8% | 76.5% | 3.21M | 5.4% | 70.8 | 58.2% |
| 2017 | $11.5B | $3,646 | $11,096 | 5.6% | 4.3% | 86.9% | 3.15M | 6.4% | 70.5 | 59.2% |
| 2016 | $11.2B | $3,620 | $10,511 | 1.5% | 0.7% | 78.7% | 3.09M | 7.2% | 70.2 | 50.9% |
| 2015 | $11.6B | $3,839 | $10,458 | 2.4% | 5.7% | 50.5% | 3.03M | 4.9% | 70.8 | 44.2% |
| 2014 | $12.2B | $4,126 | $10,900 | 7.9% | 12.3% | 44.0% | 2.96M | 4.8% | 70.6 | 52.2% |
| 2013 | $12.6B | $4,340 | $10,442 | 11.6% | 10.5% | 49.4% | 2.9M | 4.2% | 70.1 | 38.9% |
| 2012 | $12.3B | $4,329 | $10,152 | 12.3% | 14.3% | 43.7% | 2.84M | 3.9% | 69.5 | 43.6% |
| 2011 | $10.4B | $3,736 | $8,862 | 17.3% | 8.4% | 32.7% | 2.79M | 4.8% | 69.1 | 52.6% |
| 2010 | $7.19B | $2,625 | $7,532 | 6.4% | 10.0% | 31.0% | 2.74M | 6.5% | 68.5 | 46.7% |
| 2009 | $4.58B | $1,703 | $7,119 | −1.3% | 7.6% | 48.5% | 2.69M | 5.9% | 68.0 | 50.3% |
| 2008 | $5.62B | $2,127 | $7,297 | 8.9% | 28.0% | 31.0% | 2.64M | 5.6% | 67.2 | 54.0% |
| 2007 | $4.23B | $1,628 | $6,678 | 10.2% | 9.6% | 36.1% | 2.6M | 7.2% | 66.6 | 59.6% |
| 2006 | $3.41B | $1,330 | $5,977 | 8.6% | 5.1% | 40.9% | 2.57M | 7.2% | 65.9 | 59.4% |
| 2005 | $2.52B | $995 | $5,406 | 7.3% | 12.7% | 2.54M | 7.0% | 65.3 | 58.8% | |
| 2004 | $1.99B | $794 | $4,942 | 10.6% | 8.2% | 2.51M | 6.9% | 64.6 | 60.8% | |
| 2003 | $1.6B | $643 | $4,399 | 7.0% | 5.1% | 2.48M | 6.8% | 63.6 | 52.4% | |
| 2002 | $1.4B | $570 | $4,083 | 4.7% | 0.9% | 2.45M | 6.2% | 63.5 | 50.7% | |
| 2001 | $1.27B | $524 | $3,889 | 3.0% | 6.3% | 2.42M | 6.1% | 63.4 | 50.3% | |
| 2000 | $1.14B | $476 | $3,740 | 1.1% | 11.6% | 2.39M | 6.0% | 63.2 | 54.0% | |
| 1999 | $1.06B | $449 | $3,664 | 3.1% | 7.6% | 2.36M | 5.8% | 62.8 | 50.2% | |
| 1998 | $1.12B | $484 | $3,555 | 3.3% | 9.4% | 2.32M | 5.8% | 62.1 | 47.8% | |
| 1997 | $1.18B | $515 | $3,449 | 3.9% | 36.6% | 2.29M | 5.6% | 61.4 | 52.7% | |
| 1996 | $1.35B | $596 | $3,310 | 2.2% | 46.9% | 2.26M | 5.5% | 61.0 | 35.5% | |
| 1995 | $1.45B | $653 | $3,229 | 6.4% | 0.0% | 2.22M | 5.5% | 60.9 | 40.5% | |
| 1994 | $926M | $423 | $3,021 | 2.1% | 87.6% | 2.19M | 5.7% | 60.9 | 44.6% | |
| 1993 | $768M | $355 | $2,929 | −3.2% | 268.2% | 2.17M | 5.9% | 60.8 | 59.3% | |
| 1992 | $1.32B | $608 | $2,951 | −9.3% | 202.9% | 2.17M | 5.9% | 60.4 | 28.9% | |
| 1991 | $2.38B | $1,099 | $3,183 | −8.7% | 120.2% | 2.17M | 5.7% | 59.8 | 54.1% | |
| 1990 | $2.56B | $1,220 | $3,479 | −3.2% | 2.1M | 58.8 | 18.3% | |||
| 1989 | $3.58B | $1,684 | 4.2% | 2.12M | 58.1 | 22.5% | ||||
| 1988 | $3.2B | $1,543 | 5.1% | 2.08M | 57.5 | 28.4% | ||||
| 1987 | $3.02B | $1,493 | 3.5% | 2.02M | 57.1 | 30.8% | ||||
| 1986 | $2.9B | $1,469 | 9.4% | 1.97M | 56.7 | 30.2% | ||||
| 1985 | $2.19B | $1,138 | 5.7% | 1.92M | 56.4 | 26.7% | ||||
| 1984 | $2.1B | $1,120 | 5.9% | 1.87M | 56.1 | 29.2% | ||||
| 1983 | $2.73B | $1,490 | 5.8% | 1.83M | 55.8 | 26.6% | ||||
| 1982 | $2.55B | $1,430 | 8.3% | 1.79M | 55.6 | 26.3% | ||||
| 1981 | $2.31B | $1,325 | 8.4% | 1.74M | 55.4 | 23.9% | ||||
| 1980 | $2.1B | $1,235 | 6.4% | 1.7M | 55.2 | |||||
| 1979 | 1.66M | 55.0 | ||||||||
| 1978 | 1.62M | 54.9 | ||||||||
| 1977 | 1.58M | 54.7 | ||||||||
| 1976 | 1.53M | 54.5 | ||||||||
| 1975 | 1.49M | 54.3 | ||||||||
| 1974 | 1.45M | 54.0 | ||||||||
| 1973 | 1.41M | 53.6 | ||||||||
| 1972 | 1.37M | 53.1 | ||||||||
| 1971 | 1.33M | 52.5 | ||||||||
| 1970 | 1.3M | 52.0 | ||||||||
| 1969 | 1.26M | 51.4 | ||||||||
| 1968 | 1.23M | 50.7 | ||||||||
| 1967 | 1.2M | 50.1 | ||||||||
| 1966 | 1.16M | 49.3 | ||||||||
| 1965 | 1.13M | 48.7 | ||||||||
| 1964 | 1.1M | 47.9 | ||||||||
| 1963 | 1.07M | 47.1 | ||||||||
| 1962 | 1.04M | 46.2 | ||||||||
| 1961 | 1.01M | 45.4 | ||||||||
| 1960 | 978K | 44.5 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Real growth: IMF data for 1980–1981, World Bank for the other years. Inflation: IMF data for 1991–1992, World Bank for the other years.
Nearby economies in East Asia & Pacific
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
American Samoa · Australia · Brunei · Cambodia · China · Fiji · French Polynesia · Guam · Hong Kong · Indonesia · Japan · Kiribati · Laos · Macao · Malaysia · Marshall Islands · Micronesia · Mongolia · Myanmar · Nauru · New Caledonia · New Zealand · North Korea · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Philippines · Samoa · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Korea · Thailand · Timor-Leste · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu · Vietnam
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)