Europe & Central Asia · High income
United Kingdom: the economy in numbers
Per person: $57,602, or $64,606 at purchasing power parity. Population: 69.5 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #5 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +1.3%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $798 billion in 1960, $4 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $15,227 per person in 1960, $57,602 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 1.3% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 8 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 88.0% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 24.2% in 1975.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1980: 104.4% of GDP in 2020. IMF forecast for 2031: 100.2%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2022 listed domestic companies were worth $3.1 trillion, or 97.3% of GDP.
Population
1960: 52.4 million · 2025: 69.5 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 8.6% · 2025: 4.7%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 71.1 years · 2024: 81.4 years.
Exports of goods and services
1970: 22.0% · 2025: 30.6%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 1.4%f | 2.0%f | 100.2%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 1.4%f | 2.0%f | 100.9%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 1.5%f | 2.0%f | 101.6%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 1.6%f | 2.0%f | 102.3%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.2%f | 2.8%f | 102.5%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 1.3%f | 3.3%f | 102.0%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $4.0T | $57,602 | $64,606 | 1.4% | 3.9% | 102.1% | 69.5M | 4.7% | 30.6% | ||
| 2024 | $3.7T | $53,341 | $62,839 | 1.1% | 3.3% | 99.4% | 69.3M | 4.4% | 81.4 | 31.1% | |
| 2023 | $3.42T | $49,920 | $60,787 | 0.3% | 6.8% | 98.3% | 68.5M | 4.0% | 81.2 | 31.9% | |
| 2022 | $3.18T | $47,035 | $60,267 | 5.1% | 7.9% | 97.1% | 67.6M | 3.8% | 97.3% | 81.0 | 34.1% |
| 2021 | $3.19T | $47,696 | $51,840 | 8.5% | 2.5% | 103.0% | 67M | 4.9% | 118.9% | 80.6 | 29.3% |
| 2020 | $2.72T | $40,815 | $48,720 | −10.0% | 1.0% | 104.4% | 66.7M | 4.5% | 80.3 | 29.9% | |
| 2019 | $2.88T | $43,161 | $50,494 | 1.3% | 1.7% | 84.5% | 66.6M | 3.7% | 81.4 | 31.9% | |
| 2018 | $2.9T | $43,704 | $47,636 | 1.6% | 2.3% | 85.3% | 66.3M | 4.1% | 81.3 | 31.9% | |
| 2017 | $2.7T | $40,918 | $46,441 | 3.0% | 2.6% | 85.9% | 66M | 4.5% | 81.3 | 31.0% | |
| 2016 | $2.71T | $41,259 | $44,376 | 2.2% | 1.0% | 87.2% | 65.6M | 4.9% | 81.2 | 29.1% | |
| 2015 | $2.95T | $45,256 | $42,772 | 2.1% | 0.4% | 87.3% | 65.1M | 5.6% | 81.0 | 27.9% | |
| 2014 | $3.09T | $47,747 | $41,546 | 3.2% | 1.5% | 86.4% | 64.6M | 6.4% | 115.7% | 81.3 | 28.5% |
| 2013 | $2.8T | $43,608 | $40,121 | 1.7% | 2.3% | 84.8% | 64.1M | 7.8% | 141.1% | 81.0 | 30.2% |
| 2012 | $2.72T | $42,688 | $38,515 | 1.5% | 2.6% | 84.0% | 63.7M | 8.3% | 121.0% | 80.9 | 30.5% |
| 2011 | $2.68T | $42,296 | $37,389 | 0.9% | 3.9% | 81.0% | 63.3M | 8.2% | 109.6% | 81.0 | 31.3% |
| 2010 | $2.5T | $39,778 | $36,649 | 2.3% | 2.5% | 75.5% | 62.8M | 8.0% | 107.6% | 80.4 | 28.7% |
| 2009 | $2.43T | $39,009 | $35,281 | −4.6% | 2.0% | 64.6% | 62.3M | 7.7% | 115.1% | 80.1 | 26.7% |
| 2008 | $2.95T | $47,652 | $36,943 | −0.0% | 3.5% | 50.7% | 61.8M | 5.7% | 63.4% | 79.6 | 27.4% |
| 2007 | $3.1T | $50,629 | $35,685 | 2.9% | 2.4% | 43.1% | 61.3M | 5.4% | 123.9% | 79.4 | 25.4% |
| 2006 | $2.72T | $44,695 | $34,870 | 2.2% | 2.5% | 42.1% | 60.8M | 5.5% | 139.0% | 79.2 | 27.4% |
| 2005 | $2.55T | $42,240 | $32,831 | 2.8% | 2.1% | 41.0% | 60.4M | 4.9% | 119.9% | 79.0 | 25.2% |
| 2004 | $2.43T | $40,504 | $32,160 | 2.3% | 1.4% | 39.8% | 60M | 4.6% | 115.9% | 78.7 | 24.0% |
| 2003 | $2.06T | $34,557 | $30,414 | 3.2% | 1.4% | 36.8% | 59.6M | 4.8% | 117.7% | 78.4 | 24.0% |
| 2002 | $1.79T | $30,159 | $29,167 | 1.7% | 1.5% | 35.5% | 59.4M | 5.0% | 103.7% | 78.1 | 24.4% |
| 2001 | $1.66T | $28,014 | $28,020 | 2.4% | 1.5% | 35.0% | 59.1M | 4.7% | 129.8% | 78.0 | 25.4% |
| 2000 | $1.67T | $28,384 | $26,632 | 4.5% | 1.2% | 37.7% | 58.9M | 5.6% | 154.2% | 77.7 | 25.6% |
| 1999 | $1.69T | $28,858 | $24,575 | 2.9% | 1.8% | 40.4% | 58.7M | 6.0% | 174.5% | 77.4 | 24.2% |
| 1998 | $1.66T | $28,396 | $23,791 | 3.2% | 1.8% | 42.0% | 58.5M | 6.2% | 138.3% | 77.2 | 24.3% |
| 1997 | $1.57T | $26,910 | $23,195 | 4.9% | 2.2% | 44.1% | 58.3M | 7.1% | 131.8% | 77.2 | 25.6% |
| 1996 | $1.43T | $24,503 | $22,034 | 2.6% | 2.9% | 43.7% | 58.2M | 8.2% | 120.1% | 77.1 | 26.3% |
| 1995 | $1.35T | $23,253 | $20,669 | 3.5% | 2.7% | 43.7% | 58M | 8.7% | 98.6% | 76.8 | 25.7% |
| 1994 | $1.14T | $19,709 | $19,605 | 5.0% | 2.2% | 40.8% | 57.9M | 9.6% | 100.2% | 76.9 | 26.1% |
| 1993 | $1.06T | $18,389 | $18,336 | 3.5% | 2.6% | 38.0% | 57.7M | 10.3% | 108.4% | 76.4 | 24.8% |
| 1992 | $1.18T | $20,487 | $17,349 | 1.3% | 4.6% | 33.3% | 57.6M | 9.8% | 80.9% | 76.4 | 22.9% |
| 1991 | $1.14T | $19,901 | $16,791 | −1.3% | 7.5% | 28.5% | 57.4M | 8.6% | 86.6% | 76.1 | 22.6% |
| 1990 | $1.09T | $19,095 | $16,505 | 0.8% | 8.1% | 28.5% | 57.2M | 77.7% | 75.9 | 23.3% | |
| 1989 | $927B | $16,239 | 2.3% | 5.8% | 32.6% | 57.1M | 87.9% | 75.6 | 22.6% | ||
| 1988 | $910B | $15,987 | 5.0% | 4.2% | 37.1% | 56.9M | 78.2% | 75.4 | 22.2% | ||
| 1987 | $745B | $13,119 | 4.6% | 4.1% | 39.3% | 56.8M | 91.2% | 75.3 | 24.6% | ||
| 1986 | $601B | $10,611 | 4.0% | 3.4% | 41.4% | 56.7M | 78.6% | 74.9 | 25.1% | ||
| 1985 | $489B | $8,652 | 3.6% | 6.1% | 41.4% | 56.6M | 72.2% | 74.6 | 28.2% | ||
| 1984 | $461B | $8,179 | 2.7% | 5.0% | 42.3% | 56.4M | 51.2% | 74.8 | 27.8% | ||
| 1983 | $490B | $8,692 | 3.6% | 4.6% | 41.9% | 56.3M | 46.1% | 74.4 | 26.0% | ||
| 1982 | $515B | $9,146 | 2.1% | 8.6% | 43.1% | 56.3M | 38.1% | 74.2 | 25.9% | ||
| 1981 | $541B | $9,599 | −1.3% | 11.9% | 44.8% | 56.3M | 35.1% | 74.0 | 26.3% | ||
| 1980 | $565B | $10,032 | −2.2% | 18.0% | 42.7% | 56.3M | 6.4% | 73.7 | 26.9% | ||
| 1979 | $439B | $7,805 | 2.7% | 13.4% | 56.2M | 6.9% | 73.3 | 27.7% | |||
| 1978 | $336B | $5,977 | 3.4% | 8.3% | 56.2M | 38.5% | 73.2 | 28.3% | |||
| 1977 | $263B | $4,681 | 2.4% | 15.8% | 56.2M | 43.9% | 73.2 | 30.0% | |||
| 1976 | $233B | $4,138 | 2.8% | 16.6% | 56.2M | 30.0% | 72.8 | 28.3% | |||
| 1975 | $242B | $4,300 | −0.7% | 24.2% | 56.2M | 35.5% | 72.7 | 25.7% | |||
| 1974 | $206B | $3,666 | −1.7% | 16.0% | 56.2M | 72.5 | 27.1% | ||||
| 1973 | $193B | $3,426 | 7.3% | 9.2% | 56.2M | 72.3 | 22.7% | ||||
| 1972 | $170B | $3,030 | 3.6% | 7.1% | 56.1M | 72.1 | 20.9% | ||||
| 1971 | $148B | $2,650 | 2.0% | 9.4% | 55.9M | 72.3 | 22.1% | ||||
| 1970 | $131B | $2,348 | 2.7% | 6.4% | 55.7M | 72.0 | 22.0% | ||||
| 1969 | $116B | $2,101 | 1.9% | 5.4% | 55.4M | 71.7 | |||||
| 1968 | $108B | $1,952 | 5.5% | 4.7% | 55.2M | 71.7 | |||||
| 1967 | $113B | $2,059 | 2.8% | 2.5% | 54.9M | 72.1 | |||||
| 1966 | $109B | $1,987 | 1.6% | 3.9% | 54.6M | 71.6 | |||||
| 1965 | $102B | $1,874 | 2.1% | 4.8% | 54.3M | 71.6 | |||||
| 1964 | $94.4B | $1,748 | 5.6% | 3.3% | 54M | 71.6 | |||||
| 1963 | $86.6B | $1,613 | 4.9% | 2.0% | 53.6M | 70.8 | |||||
| 1962 | $81.2B | $1,526 | 1.1% | 4.2% | 53.2M | 70.9 | |||||
| 1961 | $77.7B | $1,472 | 2.7% | 3.4% | 52.8M | 70.9 | |||||
| 1960 | $73.2B | $1,398 | 1.0% | 52.4M | 71.1 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)