Europe & Central Asia · High income
Germany: the economy in numbers
Per person: $60,496, or $75,407 at purchasing power parity. Population: 83.5 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #3 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +1.3%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $922 billion in 1960, $5.05 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $12,661 per person in 1960, $60,496 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 0.7% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 10 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 60.8% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 7.0% in 1973.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1991: 81.0% of GDP in 2010. IMF forecast for 2031: 75.6%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $2.9 trillion, or 57.4% of GDP.
Population
1960: 72.8 million · 2025: 83.5 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 5.3% · 2025: 3.7%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 69.1 years · 2024: 80.8 years.
Exports of goods and services
1970: 15.1% · 2025: 40.4%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 0.6%f | 2.1%f | 75.6%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 0.7%f | 2.1%f | 73.6%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 0.9%f | 2.1%f | 71.5%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 1.1%f | 2.0%f | 69.3%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.1%f | 3.1%f | 66.9%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 1.3%f | 2.7%f | 64.6%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $5.05T | $60,496 | $75,407 | 0.2% | 2.2% | 62.7% | 83.5M | 3.7% | 57.4% | 40.4% | |
| 2024 | $4.69T | $56,104 | $73,957 | −0.5% | 2.3% | 61.4% | 83.5M | 3.4% | 43.6% | 80.8 | 41.4% |
| 2023 | $4.56T | $54,777 | $72,262 | −0.9% | 5.9% | 61.8% | 83.3M | 3.1% | 47.7% | 81.0 | 43.0% |
| 2022 | $4.2T | $50,507 | $69,670 | 1.8% | 6.9% | 64.1% | 83.2M | 3.1% | 45.0% | 80.6 | 45.6% |
| 2021 | $4.36T | $52,349 | $62,631 | 3.9% | 3.1% | 67.4% | 83.2M | 3.6% | 57.5% | 80.8 | 42.5% |
| 2020 | $3.94T | $47,395 | $58,705 | −4.1% | 0.1% | 67.5% | 83.2M | 3.9% | 58.0% | 81.0 | 39.1% |
| 2019 | $3.96T | $47,656 | $59,311 | 1.0% | 1.4% | 58.3% | 83.1M | 3.2% | 53.0% | 81.3 | 42.3% |
| 2018 | $4.06T | $48,916 | $56,321 | 1.1% | 1.7% | 60.5% | 82.9M | 3.4% | 43.3% | 80.9 | 42.5% |
| 2017 | $3.77T | $45,554 | $54,143 | 2.8% | 1.5% | 63.7% | 82.7M | 3.8% | 60.1% | 81.0 | 42.2% |
| 2016 | $3.54T | $42,949 | $51,555 | 2.2% | 0.5% | 68.1% | 82.3M | 4.1% | 48.5% | 81.0 | 41.6% |
| 2015 | $3.43T | $41,930 | $48,567 | 1.7% | 0.5% | 71.0% | 81.7M | 4.6% | 50.1% | 80.6 | 42.6% |
| 2014 | $3.96T | $48,960 | $47,928 | 2.2% | 0.9% | 74.4% | 81M | 5.0% | 43.8% | 81.1 | 41.7% |
| 2013 | $3.81T | $47,207 | $45,876 | 0.4% | 1.5% | 77.4% | 80.6M | 5.3% | 50.9% | 80.5 | 41.7% |
| 2012 | $3.6T | $44,718 | $44,212 | 0.5% | 2.0% | 79.8% | 80.4M | 5.4% | 41.3% | 80.5 | 42.7% |
| 2011 | $3.82T | $47,631 | $43,384 | 3.8% | 2.1% | 78.5% | 80.3M | 6.0% | 31.0% | 80.4 | 41.6% |
| 2010 | $3.47T | $42,397 | $39,714 | 4.1% | 1.1% | 81.0% | 81.8M | 7.0% | 41.2% | 80.0 | 39.5% |
| 2009 | $3.48T | $42,472 | $37,560 | −5.5% | 0.3% | 72.4% | 81.9M | 7.9% | 37.2% | 79.8 | 35.5% |
| 2008 | $3.81T | $46,379 | $38,438 | 0.9% | 2.6% | 65.2% | 82.1M | 7.5% | 29.2% | 79.7 | 40.9% |
| 2007 | $3.48T | $42,351 | $36,914 | 2.9% | 2.3% | 63.7% | 82.3M | 8.7% | 60.4% | 79.5 | 40.6% |
| 2006 | $3.05T | $36,980 | $34,741 | 3.9% | 1.6% | 66.4% | 82.4M | 10.3% | 53.8% | 79.1 | 39.0% |
| 2005 | $2.89T | $35,084 | $32,314 | 0.9% | 1.5% | 67.1% | 82.5M | 11.2% | 41.5% | 78.9 | 36.0% |
| 2004 | $2.85T | $34,567 | $31,753 | 1.2% | 1.7% | 65.0% | 82.5M | 10.7% | 41.9% | 78.7 | 33.9% |
| 2003 | $2.53T | $30,711 | $30,301 | −0.5% | 1.0% | 63.3% | 82.5M | 9.8% | 42.6% | 78.4 | 31.3% |
| 2002 | $2.1T | $25,487 | $29,514 | −0.2% | 1.4% | 59.8% | 82.5M | 8.5% | 32.6% | 78.2 | 31.2% |
| 2001 | $1.97T | $23,878 | $28,674 | 1.6% | 2.0% | 58.1% | 82.3M | 7.8% | 54.5% | 78.3 | 30.6% |
| 2000 | $1.97T | $23,926 | $27,474 | 2.9% | 1.4% | 59.2% | 82.2M | 7.9% | 64.6% | 77.9 | 29.7% |
| 1999 | $2.21T | $26,965 | $26,518 | 2.1% | 0.6% | 60.3% | 82.1M | 8.9% | 64.7% | 77.7 | 26.0% |
| 1998 | $2.25T | $27,396 | $25,446 | 2.1% | 0.9% | 59.4% | 82M | 9.8% | 48.7% | 77.5 | 25.7% |
| 1997 | $2.22T | $27,047 | $24,649 | 1.9% | 1.9% | 58.8% | 82M | 9.9% | 37.2% | 77.1 | 24.7% |
| 1996 | $2.51T | $30,600 | $24,169 | 1.0% | 1.4% | 57.7% | 81.9M | 8.8% | 26.5% | 76.7 | 22.3% |
| 1995 | $2.59T | $31,747 | $23,631 | 1.5% | 1.7% | 54.9% | 81.7M | 8.2% | 22.3% | 76.4 | 21.5% |
| 1994 | $2.22T | $27,202 | $22,869 | 2.6% | 2.7% | 47.5% | 81.4M | 8.7% | 22.5% | 76.3 | 20.6% |
| 1993 | $2.08T | $25,617 | $21,900 | −1.0% | 4.5% | 45.1% | 81.2M | 7.7% | 21.2% | 75.9 | 19.9% |
| 1992 | $2.14T | $26,560 | $21,746 | 2.0% | 5.1% | 41.4% | 80.6M | 6.3% | 15.3% | 75.8 | 22.1% |
| 1991 | $1.88T | $23,443 | $21,001 | 5.1% | 4.0% | 39.0% | 80M | 5.3% | 19.8% | 75.3 | 23.6% |
| 1990 | $1.78T | $22,386 | $19,468 | 5.3% | 2.7% | 79.4M | 20.0% | 75.1 | 22.7% | ||
| 1989 | $1.4T | $17,829 | 3.9% | 2.8% | 78.8M | 26.0% | 75.2 | 22.2% | |||
| 1988 | $1.41T | $17,997 | 3.7% | 1.3% | 78.1M | 17.8% | 75.0 | 21.0% | |||
| 1987 | $1.3T | $16,739 | 1.4% | 0.2% | 77.8M | 16.8% | 74.8 | 20.6% | |||
| 1986 | $1.05T | $13,511 | 2.3% | −0.1% | 77.7M | 24.5% | 74.4 | 21.2% | |||
| 1985 | $735B | $9,464 | 2.3% | 2.1% | 77.7M | 24.2% | 74.2 | 22.8% | |||
| 1984 | $728B | $9,347 | 2.8% | 2.4% | 77.9M | 10.8% | 74.1 | 21.6% | |||
| 1983 | $774B | $9,900 | 1.6% | 3.3% | 78.1M | 10.7% | 73.6 | 20.2% | |||
| 1982 | $779B | $9,950 | −0.4% | 5.2% | 78.3M | 8.8% | 73.3 | 20.8% | |||
| 1981 | $803B | $10,246 | 0.5% | 6.3% | 78.4M | 7.8% | 73.0 | 20.1% | |||
| 1980 | $954B | $12,183 | 1.4% | 5.4% | 78.3M | 7.5% | 72.8 | 18.5% | |||
| 1979 | $885B | $11,322 | 4.2% | 4.0% | 78.1M | 9.0% | 72.6 | 17.8% | |||
| 1978 | $743B | $9,517 | 3.0% | 2.7% | 78.1M | 11.3% | 72.3 | 17.6% | |||
| 1977 | $603B | $7,711 | 3.3% | 3.7% | 78.2M | 10.8% | 72.3 | 17.9% | |||
| 1976 | $522B | $6,659 | 4.9% | 4.2% | 78.3M | 10.2% | 71.7 | 18.0% | |||
| 1975 | $492B | $6,259 | −0.9% | 5.9% | 78.7M | 10.4% | 71.3 | 17.0% | |||
| 1974 | $447B | $5,660 | 0.9% | 7.0% | 79M | 71.4 | 18.2% | ||||
| 1973 | $400B | $5,065 | 4.8% | 7.0% | 78.9M | 71.1 | 15.3% | ||||
| 1972 | $301B | $3,824 | 4.3% | 5.5% | 78.7M | 70.9 | 14.5% | ||||
| 1971 | $251B | $3,204 | 3.1% | 5.2% | 78.3M | 70.7 | 14.5% | ||||
| 1970 | $217B | $2,771 | 5.1% | 3.5% | 78.2M | 70.4 | 15.1% | ||||
| 1969 | $178B | $2,281 | 7.4% | 1.9% | 77.9M | 70.2 | |||||
| 1968 | $157B | $2,025 | 5.7% | 1.5% | 77.3M | 70.4 | |||||
| 1967 | $145B | $1,886 | −0.3% | 1.8% | 77M | 70.7 | |||||
| 1966 | $143B | $1,871 | 2.8% | 3.5% | 76.6M | 70.5 | |||||
| 1965 | $135B | $1,774 | 5.2% | 3.2% | 76M | 70.4 | |||||
| 1964 | $123B | $1,637 | 6.6% | 2.3% | 75.3M | 70.4 | |||||
| 1963 | $112B | $1,502 | 2.7% | 3.0% | 74.7M | 69.9 | |||||
| 1962 | $106B | $1,431 | 4.6% | 2.8% | 74M | 69.8 | |||||
| 1961 | $96.6B | $1,316 | 4.3% | 2.3% | 73.4M | 69.6 | |||||
| 1960 | $84.6B | $1,162 | 1.5% | 72.8M | 69.1 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)