South Asia · Lower middle income
India: the economy in numbers
Per person: $2,702, or $11,748 at purchasing power parity. Population: 1.46 billion (2025).
$3.96T+7.6%real GDP growth, 2025
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #6 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +7.0%.
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025 · #161 of 204
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,748
2025 · #135 of 197
Inflation
2.4%
2025 · IMF forecast 2026: 5.0%
Government debt
84.8%
2024 · % of GDP, general government
Population
1.46B
2025 · #1 of 217
Unemployment
4.2%
2025 · ILO estimate
Stock market capitalization
136.4%
2024 · % of GDP · $5.13T
Life expectancy
72.2 years
2024
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $403 billion in 1960, $3.96 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $925 per person in 1960, $2,702 in 2025.
GDP per capitaGDP per capita, PPP (international $)
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 5.8% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 5 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 4.29 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 28.6% in 1974.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1991: 90.4% of GDP in 2020. IMF forecast for 2031: 75.1%.
General government (IMF)Central government only (World Bank)
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2024 listed domestic companies were worth $5.13 trillion, or 136.4% of GDP.
Population
1960: 436 million · 2025: 1.46 billion.
Unemployment rate
1991: 7.6% · 2025: 4.2%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 45.6 years · 2024: 72.2 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 4.5% · 2025: 22.3%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 6.8%f | 4.0%f | 75.1%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 6.8%f | 4.0%f | 77.0%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 6.9%f | 4.0%f | 78.4%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 6.9%f | 3.9%f | 79.8%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 7.0%f | 4.4%f | 81.3%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 7.0%f | 5.0%f | 83.1%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $3.96T | $2,702 | $11,748 | 7.6% | 2.4% | 84.3%e | 1.46B | 4.2% | 22.3% | ||
| 2024 | $3.76T | $2,592 | $10,719 | 7.1% | 5.0% | 84.8% | 1.45B | 4.2% | 136.4% | 72.2 | 22.1% |
| 2023 | $3.5T | $2,434 | $9,853 | 7.2% | 5.6% | 84.7% | 1.44B | 4.2% | 124.0% | 72.0 | 22.4% |
| 2022 | $3.25T | $2,280 | $8,941 | 7.6% | 6.7% | 84.4% | 1.43B | 4.8% | 104.2% | 71.7 | 24.0% |
| 2021 | $3.17T | $2,240 | $7,819 | 9.7% | 5.1% | 85.5% | 1.41B | 6.4% | 112.0% | 67.3 | 21.4% |
| 2020 | $2.67T | $1,907 | $6,766 | −5.8% | 6.6% | 90.4% | 1.4B | 7.9% | 95.4% | 70.2 | 18.7% |
| 2019 | $2.84T | $2,041 | $6,945 | 3.9% | 3.7% | 76.5% | 1.39B | 6.5% | 76.3% | 70.7 | 18.7% |
| 2018 | $2.7T | $1,966 | $6,522 | 6.5% | 3.9% | 71.6% | 1.37B | 7.7% | 153.2% | 70.4 | 19.9% |
| 2017 | $2.65T | $1,950 | $5,968 | 6.8% | 3.3% | 70.7% | 1.36B | 7.6% | 96.4% | 70.1 | 18.8% |
| 2016 | $2.29T | $1,708 | $5,634 | 8.3% | 4.9% | 69.7% | 1.34B | 7.6% | 76.1% | 69.7 | 19.2% |
| 2015 | $2.1T | $1,584 | $5,269 | 8.0% | 4.9% | 69.7% | 1.33B | 7.6% | 83.0% | 69.3 | 19.8% |
| 2014 | $2.04T | $1,554 | $5,042 | 7.4% | 6.7% | 67.6% | 1.31B | 7.7% | 82.7% | 68.9 | 23.0% |
| 2013 | $1.86T | $1,433 | $4,870 | 6.4% | 10.0% | 68.0% | 1.3B | 7.7% | 68.1% | 68.5 | 25.4% |
| 2012 | $1.83T | $1,429 | $4,681 | 5.5% | 9.5% | 68.1% | 1.28B | 7.6% | 76.1% | 68.1 | 24.5% |
| 2011 | $1.82T | $1,445 | $4,327 | 5.2% | 8.9% | 68.7% | 1.26B | 7.6% | 68.3% | 67.6 | 24.5% |
| 2010 | $1.68T | $1,348 | $4,086 | 8.5% | 12.0% | 67.7% | 1.24B | 7.6% | 105.2% | 67.2 | 22.4% |
| 2009 | $1.34T | $1,095 | $3,775 | 7.9% | 10.9% | 72.7% | 1.23B | 7.6% | 101.9% | 66.7 | 20.4% |
| 2008 | $1.2T | $993 | $3,529 | 3.1% | 8.3% | 74.3% | 1.21B | 7.6% | 66.0% | 66.2 | 24.1% |
| 2007 | $1.22T | $1,022 | $3,407 | 7.7% | 6.4% | 75.4% | 1.19B | 7.6% | 161.2% | 65.8 | 20.8% |
| 2006 | $940B | $802 | $3,128 | 8.1% | 5.8% | 77.9% | 1.17B | 7.6% | 95.2% | 65.4 | 21.3% |
| 2005 | $820B | $710 | $2,852 | 7.9% | 4.2% | 82.4% | 1.15B | 7.6% | 76.2% | 64.9 | 19.6% |
| 2004 | $709B | $624 | $2,605 | 7.9% | 3.8% | 84.9% | 1.14B | 7.6% | 58.6% | 64.5 | 17.9% |
| 2003 | $608B | $544 | $2,391 | 7.9% | 3.8% | 85.9% | 1.12B | 7.6% | 50.8% | 64.1 | 14.9% |
| 2002 | $515B | $469 | $2,212 | 3.8% | 4.3% | 84.3% | 1.1B | 7.7% | 33.4% | 63.6 | 14.3% |
| 2001 | $485B | $450 | $2,136 | 4.8% | 3.8% | 80.1% | 1.08B | 7.6% | 30.6% | 63.2 | 12.6% |
| 2000 | $468B | $443 | $2,031 | 3.8% | 4.0% | 74.9% | 1.06B | 7.6% | 48.2% | 62.7 | 13.0% |
| 1999 | $459B | $442 | $1,949 | 8.8% | 4.7% | 71.3% | 1.04B | 7.6% | 62.3 | 11.5% | |
| 1998 | $421B | $414 | $1,799 | 6.2% | 13.2% | 69.3% | 1.02B | 7.6% | 61.9 | 11.0% | |
| 1997 | $416B | $416 | $1,708 | 4.0% | 7.2% | 69.0% | 999M | 7.6% | 61.4 | 10.7% | |
| 1996 | $393B | $401 | $1,646 | 7.5% | 9.0% | 67.1% | 980M | 7.5% | 61.0 | 10.4% | |
| 1995 | $360B | $375 | $1,533 | 7.6% | 10.2% | 70.9% | 960M | 7.6% | 60.6 | 10.8% | |
| 1994 | $327B | $348 | $1,424 | 6.7% | 10.2% | 74.8% | 941M | 7.6% | 60.2 | 9.9% | |
| 1993 | $279B | $303 | $1,335 | 4.8% | 6.3% | 78.3% | 922M | 7.7% | 59.8 | 9.8% | |
| 1992 | $288B | $319 | $1,271 | 5.5% | 11.8% | 78.8% | 903M | 7.6% | 59.4 | 8.8% | |
| 1991 | $270B | $306 | $1,203 | 1.1% | 13.9% | 76.7% | 884M | 7.6% | 59.0 | 8.5% | |
| 1990 | $321B | $371 | $1,177 | 5.5% | 9.0% | 865M | 58.6 | 7.1% | |||
| 1989 | $296B | $350 | 5.9% | 7.1% | 846M | 58.2 | 7.0% | ||||
| 1988 | $297B | $358 | 9.6% | 9.4% | 827M | 57.7 | 6.0% | ||||
| 1987 | $279B | $345 | 4.0% | 8.8% | 809M | 57.3 | 5.6% | ||||
| 1986 | $249B | $315 | 4.8% | 8.7% | 791M | 56.8 | 5.2% | ||||
| 1985 | $233B | $301 | 5.3% | 5.6% | 773M | 56.3 | 5.3% | ||||
| 1984 | $212B | $281 | 3.8% | 8.3% | 755M | 55.8 | 6.3% | ||||
| 1983 | $218B | $296 | 7.3% | 11.9% | 737M | 55.3 | 5.8% | ||||
| 1982 | $201B | $279 | 3.5% | 7.9% | 720M | 54.7 | 6.0% | ||||
| 1981 | $193B | $275 | 6.0% | 13.1% | 704M | 54.2 | 5.9% | ||||
| 1980 | $186B | $271 | 6.7% | 11.3% | 687M | 53.6 | 6.1% | ||||
| 1979 | $153B | $228 | −5.2% | 6.3% | 671M | 53.0 | 6.7% | ||||
| 1978 | $137B | $209 | 5.7% | 2.5% | 656M | 52.4 | 6.3% | ||||
| 1977 | $121B | $190 | 7.3% | 8.3% | 641M | 51.8 | 6.4% | ||||
| 1976 | $103B | $164 | 1.7% | −7.6% | 626M | 51.3 | 6.7% | ||||
| 1975 | $98.5B | $161 | 9.1% | 5.7% | 611M | 50.8 | 5.6% | ||||
| 1974 | $99.5B | $167 | 1.2% | 28.6% | 597M | 50.3 | 4.8% | ||||
| 1973 | $85.5B | $147 | 3.3% | 16.9% | 583M | 49.6 | 4.2% | ||||
| 1972 | $71.5B | $125 | −0.6% | 6.4% | 570M | 49.2 | 4.0% | ||||
| 1971 | $67.4B | $121 | 1.6% | 3.1% | 558M | 48.9 | 3.7% | ||||
| 1970 | $62.4B | $114 | 5.2% | 5.1% | 546M | 48.6 | 3.8% | ||||
| 1969 | $58.4B | $109 | 6.5% | −0.6% | 534M | 48.3 | 3.7% | ||||
| 1968 | $53.1B | $102 | 3.4% | 3.2% | 523M | 47.9 | 4.0% | ||||
| 1967 | $50.1B | $98 | 7.8% | 13.1% | 512M | 46.2 | 4.0% | ||||
| 1966 | $45.6B | $91 | −0.1% | 10.8% | 501M | 45.9 | 4.1% | ||||
| 1965 | $59.6B | $122 | −2.6% | 9.5% | 490M | 45.6 | 3.3% | ||||
| 1964 | $56.5B | $118 | 7.5% | 13.4% | 479M | 46.7 | 3.7% | ||||
| 1963 | $48.4B | $103 | 6.0% | 2.9% | 468M | 46.5 | 4.3% | ||||
| 1962 | $42.2B | $92 | 2.9% | 3.6% | 457M | 46.1 | 4.2% | ||||
| 1961 | $39.2B | $88 | 3.7% | 1.7% | 447M | 45.8 | 4.3% | ||||
| 1960 | $37B | $85 | 1.8% | 436M | 45.6 | 4.5% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in South Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Bangladesh · Bhutan · India · Maldives · Nepal · Sri Lanka
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
- Fiscal year: the IMF reports this economy by fiscal year (latest actual: FY2025/26), so IMF numbers can differ from calendar-year World Bank figures.
- Left out: the stock market capitalization of India for 2025 ($10.6 trillion, 266.9% of GDP in the World Bank data). It is twice the 2024 value ($5.13 trillion), most likely because the shares listed on both national exchanges were counted twice; 2024 is shown instead.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)