Europe & Central Asia · Upper middle income
Bosnia and Herzegovina: the economy in numbers
Per person: $10,382, or $25,814 at purchasing power parity. Population: 3.14 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #110 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.3%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $19.1 billion in 1990, $32.6 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $4,298 per person in 1990, $10,382 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 2.9% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1991: 6 of 35.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 59.2% from 2005 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 14.0% in 2022.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1998: 56.0% of GDP in 1999. IMF forecast for 2031: 43.6%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Population
1960: 3.28 million · 2025: 3.14 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 17.6% · 2025: 11.0%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 58.5 years · 2024: 78.0 years.
Exports of goods and services
1994: 15.4% · 2025: 41.0%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 43.6%f | |||||||
| 2030 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 41.0%f | |||||||
| 2029 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 38.9%f | |||||||
| 2028 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 36.2%f | |||||||
| 2027 | 2.6%f | 3.3%f | 33.7%f | |||||||
| 2026 | 2.3%f | 5.0%f | 31.4%f | |||||||
| 2025 | $32.6B | $10,382 | $25,814 | 2.1% | 4.0% | 28.8% | 3.14M | 11.0% | 41.0% | |
| 2024 | $29.7B | $9,398 | $25,148 | 3.2% | 1.7% | 28.9% | 3.16M | 10.7% | 78.0 | 40.7% |
| 2023 | $27.6B | $8,663 | $23,376 | 2.0% | 6.1% | 29.1% | 3.19M | 10.7% | 77.8 | 43.9% |
| 2022 | $24.5B | $7,656 | $21,651 | 4.2% | 14.0% | 31.3% | 3.2M | 12.7% | 76.8 | 48.3% |
| 2021 | $23.7B | $7,295 | $18,287 | 7.4% | 2.0% | 36.2% | 3.24M | 14.9% | 74.6 | 42.8% |
| 2020 | $20.2B | $6,130 | $16,370 | −3.0% | −1.1% | 37.2% | 3.3M | 15.9% | 76.0 | 34.6% |
| 2019 | $20.5B | $6,122 | $16,429 | 2.9% | 0.6% | 33.5% | 3.35M | 15.7% | 77.4 | 40.0% |
| 2018 | $20.5B | $6,048 | $14,859 | 3.8% | 1.4% | 35.1% | 3.39M | 18.4% | 77.9 | 42.0% |
| 2017 | $18.3B | $5,345 | $13,627 | 3.2% | 0.8% | 39.3% | 3.43M | 20.5% | 77.4 | 40.3% |
| 2016 | $17.1B | $4,929 | $12,899 | 3.2% | −1.6% | 44.9% | 3.47M | 25.4% | 77.1 | 35.9% |
| 2015 | $16.4B | $4,662 | $11,845 | 4.3% | −1.0% | 46.4% | 3.52M | 27.7% | 77.1 | 35.1% |
| 2014 | $18.6B | $5,206 | $11,168 | 1.2% | −0.9% | 47.1% | 3.56M | 27.5% | 77.1 | 34.0% |
| 2013 | $18.2B | $5,035 | $10,808 | 2.3% | −0.1% | 43.8% | 3.61M | 27.5% | 77.1 | 33.7% |
| 2012 | $17.2B | $4,694 | $10,121 | −0.8% | 2.1% | 43.6% | 3.67M | 28.0% | 77.0 | 32.4% |
| 2011 | $18.6B | $4,983 | $9,761 | 1.0% | 3.7% | 40.9% | 3.74M | 27.6% | 77.0 | 32.0% |
| 2010 | $17.2B | $4,506 | $9,086 | 0.9% | 2.0% | 42.2% | 3.81M | 27.3% | 76.8 | 29.7% |
| 2009 | $17.6B | $4,540 | $8,698 | −3.0% | −0.4% | 36.4% | 3.88M | 24.1% | 76.7 | 25.0% |
| 2008 | $19.1B | $4,842 | $8,587 | 5.4% | 7.4% | 30.3% | 3.95M | 23.4% | 76.3 | 26.8% |
| 2007 | $15.8B | $3,931 | $7,686 | 5.9% | 1.5% | 18.2% | 4.01M | 29.0% | 76.2 | 27.1% |
| 2006 | $12.9B | $3,166 | $6,869 | 5.4% | 6.1% | 20.6% | 4.06M | 31.1% | 76.0 | 26.3% |
| 2005 | $11.2B | $2,740 | $5,956 | 3.9% | 3.6% | 24.9% | 4.1M | 30.2% | 76.4 | 24.3% |
| 2004 | $10.2B | $2,453 | $5,407 | 6.3% | 0.3% | 25.5% | 4.14M | 29.3% | 76.5 | 22.5% |
| 2003 | $8.5B | $2,034 | $4,917 | 3.9% | 0.5% | 27.6% | 4.18M | 28.4% | 76.4 | 20.6% |
| 2002 | $6.73B | $1,607 | $4,665 | 5.0% | 0.3% | 31.1% | 4.19M | 27.5% | 76.0 | 19.1% |
| 2001 | $5.8B | $1,388 | $4,307 | 2.4% | 3.2% | 35.1% | 4.18M | 26.5% | 75.6 | 22.1% |
| 2000 | $5.57B | $1,338 | $4,148 | 5.4% | 5.0% | 34.6% | 4.16M | 25.4% | 75.3 | 21.9% |
| 1999 | $4.69B | $1,135 | $3,875 | 9.5% | 2.8% | 56.0% | 4.13M | 24.4% | 74.9 | 27.6% |
| 1998 | $4.12B | $1,007 | $3,524 | 16.6% | −0.3% | 54.4% | 4.09M | 23.5% | 74.5 | 27.3% |
| 1997 | $3.67B | $914 | $3,041 | 36.6% | 5.7% | 4.02M | 22.6% | 73.9 | 27.8% | |
| 1996 | $2.79B | $719 | $2,269 | 54.2% | −11.7% | 3.88M | 21.7% | 73.5 | 23.6% | |
| 1995 | $1.87B | $502 | $1,507 | 16.0% | 12.9% | 3.72M | 20.9% | 70.2 | 20.4% | |
| 1994 | $1.26B | $337 | $1,269 | 11.1% | 3.73M | 20.2% | 66.6 | 15.4% | ||
| 1993 | $3.63B | $930 | $1,067 | −2.2% | 3.9M | 19.4% | 50.9 | |||
| 1992 | $4.74B | $1,118 | $982 | −6.4% | 4.23M | 18.5% | 52.0 | |||
| 1991 | $6.12B | $1,373 | $975 | −9.3% | 4.46M | 17.6% | 71.8 | |||
| 1990 | $7.75B | $1,743 | $1,043 | 4.45M | 71.5 | |||||
| 1989 | 4.43M | 71.4 | ||||||||
| 1988 | 4.41M | 71.0 | ||||||||
| 1987 | 4.39M | 70.9 | ||||||||
| 1986 | 4.36M | 70.8 | ||||||||
| 1985 | 4.33M | 70.6 | ||||||||
| 1984 | 4.3M | 70.2 | ||||||||
| 1983 | 4.26M | 70.1 | ||||||||
| 1982 | 4.22M | 70.1 | ||||||||
| 1981 | 4.18M | 70.1 | ||||||||
| 1980 | 4.15M | 69.6 | ||||||||
| 1979 | 4.11M | 69.1 | ||||||||
| 1978 | 4.08M | 68.8 | ||||||||
| 1977 | 4.04M | 68.8 | ||||||||
| 1976 | 4.0M | 68.6 | ||||||||
| 1975 | 3.97M | 68.3 | ||||||||
| 1974 | 3.93M | 67.6 | ||||||||
| 1973 | 3.89M | 66.6 | ||||||||
| 1972 | 3.85M | 65.7 | ||||||||
| 1971 | 3.81M | 65.2 | ||||||||
| 1970 | 3.77M | 64.8 | ||||||||
| 1969 | 3.74M | 64.4 | ||||||||
| 1968 | 3.7M | 64.0 | ||||||||
| 1967 | 3.66M | 63.7 | ||||||||
| 1966 | 3.61M | 63.1 | ||||||||
| 1965 | 3.56M | 62.2 | ||||||||
| 1964 | 3.51M | 61.5 | ||||||||
| 1963 | 3.46M | 60.5 | ||||||||
| 1962 | 3.41M | 60.1 | ||||||||
| 1961 | 3.35M | 59.3 | ||||||||
| 1960 | 3.28M | 58.5 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Inflation: IMF data for 1995–2005, World Bank for the other years.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)