Latin America & Caribbean · Upper middle income
Peru: the economy in numbers
Per person: $9,684, or $18,816 at purchasing power parity. Population: 34.6 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #47 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +3.0%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $28 billion in 1960, $335 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $2,754 per person in 1960, $9,684 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 2.3% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 10 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 2.09 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 7,482% in 1990. Years with inflation above 100%: 7. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 2000: 49.4% of GDP in 2003. IMF forecast for 2031: 30.2%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $105 billion, or 31.4% of GDP.
Population
1960: 10.2 million · 2025: 34.6 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 4.9% · 2025: 5.1%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 50.6 years · 2024: 77.9 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 20.2% · 2025: 30.0%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 30.2%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 30.1%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 3.0%f | 2.0%f | 29.8%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 3.2%f | 2.1%f | 29.4%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 2.9%f | 2.6%f | 29.0%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 3.0%f | 3.8%f | 28.6%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $335B | $9,684 | $18,816 | 3.4% | 1.5% | 30.1% | 34.6M | 5.1% | 31.4% | 30.0% | |
| 2024 | $292B | $8,526 | $17,882 | 3.5% | 2.0% | 32.1% | 34.2M | 5.2% | 28.2% | 77.9 | 28.9% |
| 2023 | $268B | $7,919 | $17,042 | −0.4% | 6.5% | 32.4% | 33.8M | 4.9% | 31.7% | 77.7 | 27.2% |
| 2022 | $246B | $7,354 | $16,674 | 2.8% | 8.3% | 33.5% | 33.5M | 4.3% | 29.0% | 76.8 | 28.8% |
| 2021 | $226B | $6,829 | $15,286 | 13.4% | 4.3% | 35.5% | 33.2M | 5.1% | 34.5% | 71.6 | 29.2% |
| 2020 | $201B | $6,133 | $12,563 | −10.9% | 2.0% | 34.3% | 32.8M | 7.2% | 43.2% | 73.8 | 23.0% |
| 2019 | $228B | $7,037 | $13,564 | 2.2% | 2.3% | 26.5% | 32.4M | 3.4% | 43.3% | 76.3 | 24.0% |
| 2018 | $223B | $6,978 | $13,078 | 4.0% | 1.5% | 25.7% | 31.9M | 3.5% | 42.0% | 76.0 | 25.2% |
| 2017 | $211B | $6,736 | $12,592 | 2.5% | 3.0% | 24.8% | 31.3M | 3.7% | 47.0% | 76.0 | 24.7% |
| 2016 | $192B | $6,217 | $12,067 | 4.0% | 3.6% | 23.9% | 30.9M | 3.7% | 42.3% | 76.0 | 22.6% |
| 2015 | $190B | $6,232 | $11,600 | 3.3% | 3.4% | 23.7% | 30.5M | 3.3% | 29.8% | 75.7 | 21.3% |
| 2014 | $201B | $6,667 | $11,518 | 2.4% | 3.4% | 20.5% | 30.1M | 3.2% | 39.3% | 75.3 | 22.6% |
| 2013 | $201B | $6,747 | $11,291 | 5.9% | 2.8% | 19.9% | 29.8M | 3.6% | 40.3% | 74.6 | 24.8% |
| 2012 | $193B | $6,519 | $10,757 | 6.1% | 3.6% | 20.7% | 29.6M | 3.2% | 53.3% | 74.0 | 27.4% |
| 2011 | $172B | $5,861 | $10,463 | 6.3% | 3.4% | 23.1% | 29.3M | 3.5% | 47.7% | 73.3 | 30.5% |
| 2010 | $148B | $5,072 | $9,713 | 8.3% | 1.5% | 25.1% | 29.1M | 3.6% | 70.1% | 72.9 | 27.8% |
| 2009 | $121B | $4,181 | $8,917 | 1.1% | 2.9% | 28.2% | 28.9M | 4.0% | 59.3% | 72.6 | 26.4% |
| 2008 | $121B | $4,198 | $8,820 | 9.1% | 5.8% | 28.1% | 28.7M | 4.0% | 31.4% | 72.7 | 29.7% |
| 2007 | $102B | $3,581 | $7,982 | 8.5% | 1.8% | 31.9% | 28.5M | 4.1% | 67.9% | 72.7 | 31.5% |
| 2006 | $88.6B | $3,130 | $7,214 | 7.5% | 2.0% | 34.9% | 28.3M | 4.2% | 45.1% | 72.3 | 30.5% |
| 2005 | $76.1B | $2,707 | $6,560 | 6.3% | 1.6% | 40.4% | 28.1M | 4.9% | 31.7% | 72.0 | 26.8% |
| 2004 | $66.8B | $2,397 | $6,038 | 5.0% | 3.7% | 46.7% | 27.9M | 4.7% | 27.1% | 71.4 | 22.9% |
| 2003 | $58.7B | $2,129 | $5,657 | 4.2% | 2.3% | 49.4% | 27.6M | 4.2% | 24.1% | 71.3 | 19.0% |
| 2002 | $54.8B | $2,007 | $5,383 | 5.5% | 0.2% | 45.5% | 27.3M | 4.8% | 20.9% | 70.8 | 17.3% |
| 2001 | $52B | $1,930 | $5,086 | 0.6% | 2.0% | 43.8% | 27M | 5.1% | 18.8% | 70.3 | 16.6% |
| 2000 | $51.7B | $1,945 | $5,012 | 2.7% | 3.8% | 44.9% | 26.6M | 5.0% | 18.8% | 69.8 | 16.8% |
| 1999 | $50.2B | $1,917 | $4,847 | 1.5% | 3.5% | 26.2M | 5.0% | 24.1% | 69.3 | 15.4% | |
| 1998 | $55.5B | $2,156 | $4,791 | −0.4% | 7.2% | 25.7M | 5.1% | 17.8% | 68.7 | 13.7% | |
| 1997 | $58.1B | $2,301 | $4,844 | 6.5% | 8.6% | 25.3M | 4.8% | 26.6% | 68.3 | 14.5% | |
| 1996 | $55.3B | $2,227 | $4,556 | 2.8% | 11.5% | 24.8M | 4.9% | 67.8 | 13.3% | ||
| 1995 | $53.3B | $2,190 | $4,435 | 7.4% | 11.1% | 24.3M | 4.7% | 67.2 | 12.6% | ||
| 1994 | $44.9B | $1,879 | $4,123 | 12.3% | 23.7% | 23.9M | 4.5% | 66.5 | 12.8% | ||
| 1993 | $34.8B | $1,488 | $3,666 | 5.2% | 48.6% | 23.4M | 4.8% | 65.7 | 12.5% | ||
| 1992 | $36B | $1,567 | $3,472 | −0.5% | 73.5% | 22.9M | 5.1% | 65.0 | 12.5% | ||
| 1991 | $34.3B | $1,527 | $3,484 | 2.2% | 409.5% | 22.5M | 4.9% | 64.2 | 12.2% | ||
| 1990 | $26.4B | $1,200 | $3,367 | −5.0% | 7,482% | 22M | 64.0 | 15.7% | |||
| 1989 | $22.5B | $1,045 | −12.3% | 3,399% | 21.5M | 63.4 | 11.3% | ||||
| 1988 | $15.4B | $733 | −9.4% | 667.0% | 21.1M | 63.0 | 15.1% | ||||
| 1987 | $36.9B | $1,792 | 9.7% | 85.8% | 20.6M | 62.5 | 12.7% | ||||
| 1986 | $21.9B | $1,087 | 9.4% | 77.9% | 20.1M | 62.2 | 16.4% | ||||
| 1985 | $15.1B | $767 | 2.1% | 163.4% | 19.6M | 61.7 | 26.1% | ||||
| 1984 | $17.6B | $918 | 3.6% | 110.2% | 19.2M | 61.1 | 21.8% | ||||
| 1983 | $17.3B | $927 | −10.4% | 111.2% | 18.7M | 60.8 | 21.7% | ||||
| 1982 | $21.8B | $1,194 | −0.2% | 64.4% | 18.2M | 60.6 | 18.8% | ||||
| 1981 | $21.6B | $1,216 | 5.6% | 75.4% | 17.8M | 60.3 | 18.6% | ||||
| 1980 | $18.1B | $1,045 | 5.9% | 59.1% | 17.4M | 60.0 | 25.5% | ||||
| 1979 | $16B | $942 | 4.1% | 66.7% | 16.9M | 59.6 | 27.0% | ||||
| 1978 | $12.5B | $756 | −2.6% | 57.8% | 16.5M | 59.3 | 20.2% | ||||
| 1977 | $14.5B | $903 | 0.3% | 38.1% | 16.1M | 58.9 | 15.5% | ||||
| 1976 | $16.1B | $1,026 | 1.4% | 33.5% | 15.7M | 58.6 | 11.7% | ||||
| 1975 | $16.9B | $1,104 | 4.3% | 23.6% | 15.3M | 58.2 | 10.6% | ||||
| 1974 | $13.9B | $927 | 9.4% | 16.9% | 15M | 57.8 | 14.1% | ||||
| 1973 | $11B | $754 | 6.3% | 9.5% | 14.6M | 57.3 | 13.3% | ||||
| 1972 | $9.19B | $647 | 3.5% | 7.2% | 14.2M | 57.0 | 13.7% | ||||
| 1971 | $8.29B | $599 | 4.6% | 6.8% | 13.8M | 56.5 | 13.8% | ||||
| 1970 | $7.43B | $550 | 3.4% | 5.0% | 13.5M | 47.7 | 17.4% | ||||
| 1969 | $6.42B | $488 | 3.5% | 6.2% | 13.2M | 55.8 | 17.5% | ||||
| 1968 | $5.74B | $448 | 0.2% | 19.1% | 12.8M | 55.4 | 18.1% | ||||
| 1967 | $6.19B | $498 | 3.9% | 9.8% | 12.4M | 54.9 | 15.4% | ||||
| 1966 | $6.11B | $505 | 8.2% | 8.8% | 12.1M | 54.4 | 15.6% | ||||
| 1965 | $5.16B | $439 | 5.6% | 16.4% | 11.8M | 53.9 | 15.7% | ||||
| 1964 | $4.35B | $381 | 6.5% | 9.8% | 11.4M | 53.3 | 18.5% | ||||
| 1963 | $3.6B | $324 | 4.3% | 6.1% | 11.1M | 52.6 | 18.4% | ||||
| 1962 | $3.28B | $305 | 10.0% | 6.6% | 10.8M | 51.5 | 20.0% | ||||
| 1961 | $2.9B | $277 | 7.3% | 5.9% | 10.5M | 51.2 | 20.8% | ||||
| 1960 | $2.57B | $253 | 8.7% | 10.2M | 50.6 | 20.2% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Latin America & Caribbean
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Aruba · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Bolivia · Brazil · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Cuba · Curaçao · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Puerto Rico · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Martin (French part) · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Sint Maarten · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Turks and Caicos Islands · U.S. Virgin Islands · Uruguay · Venezuela
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)