Europe & Central Asia · High income
Spain: the economy in numbers
Per person: $38,627, or $59,868 at purchasing power parity. Population: 49.4 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #12 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.5%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $135 billion in 1960, $1.91 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $4,445 per person in 1960, $38,627 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 2.0% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 7 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 77.8% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 24.5% in 1977.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1980: 119.2% of GDP in 2020. IMF forecast for 2031: 89.4%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $1.3 trillion, or 68.1% of GDP.
Population
1960: 30.5 million · 2025: 49.4 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 15.9% · 2025: 10.4%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 69.1 years · 2024: 83.9 years.
Exports of goods and services
1970: 12.2% · 2025: 36.6%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 1.7%f | 2.0%f | 89.4%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 1.7%f | 2.0%f | 90.7%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 1.7%f | 2.0%f | 92.0%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 1.8%f | 2.5%f | 93.2%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.8%f | 2.7%f | 95.2%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2.5%f | 3.7%f | 97.6%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.91T | $38,627 | $59,868 | 2.8% | 2.7% | 100.5% | 49.4M | 10.4% | 68.1% | 36.6% | |
| 2024 | $1.73T | $35,327 | $58,064 | 3.5% | 2.8% | 101.4% | 48.8M | 11.4% | 43.7% | 83.9 | 37.1% |
| 2023 | $1.62T | $33,493 | $55,661 | 2.5% | 3.5% | 105.2% | 48.4M | 12.2% | 47.5% | 83.9 | 37.8% |
| 2022 | $1.45T | $30,319 | $51,483 | 6.4% | 8.4% | 109.2% | 47.8M | 13.0% | 45.9% | 83.1 | 39.7% |
| 2021 | $1.46T | $30,799 | $44,252 | 6.7% | 3.1% | 115.6% | 47.4M | 14.9% | 53.1% | 83.2 | 33.8% |
| 2020 | $1.29T | $27,234 | $39,328 | −10.9% | −0.3% | 119.2% | 47.4M | 15.5% | 58.9% | 82.2 | 30.5% |
| 2019 | $1.4T | $29,787 | $44,043 | 2.0% | 0.7% | 97.6% | 47.1M | 14.1% | 56.8% | 83.8 | 34.7% |
| 2018 | $1.43T | $30,602 | $41,015 | 2.4% | 1.7% | 99.7% | 46.8M | 15.3% | 50.5% | 83.4 | 34.9% |
| 2017 | $1.32T | $28,381 | $39,825 | 2.9% | 2.0% | 101.1% | 46.6M | 17.2% | 67.2% | 83.3 | 34.9% |
| 2016 | $1.24T | $26,756 | $37,613 | 2.9% | −0.2% | 102.0% | 46.5M | 19.6% | 56.7% | 83.3 | 33.6% |
| 2015 | $1.21T | $25,982 | $35,229 | 4.1% | −0.5% | 102.4% | 46.4M | 22.1% | 65.3% | 82.8 | 33.3% |
| 2014 | $1.38T | $29,708 | $33,761 | 1.5% | −0.2% | 104.4% | 46.5M | 24.4% | 71.9% | 83.2 | 33.2% |
| 2013 | $1.36T | $29,229 | $32,614 | −1.4% | 1.4% | 100.0% | 46.6M | 26.1% | 82.0% | 83.1 | 32.8% |
| 2012 | $1.33T | $28,456 | $31,870 | −2.9% | 2.4% | 89.6% | 46.8M | 24.8% | 74.8% | 82.4 | 31.3% |
| 2011 | $1.49T | $31,825 | $32,016 | −0.6% | 3.2% | 69.5% | 46.7M | 21.4% | 69.3% | 82.5 | 29.4% |
| 2010 | $1.43T | $30,659 | $31,805 | 0.1% | 1.8% | 60.3% | 46.6M | 19.9% | 82.0% | 81.6 | 25.8% |
| 2009 | $1.5T | $32,280 | $32,218 | −3.8% | −0.3% | 53.1% | 46.4M | 17.9% | 95.9% | 81.5 | 23.0% |
| 2008 | $1.64T | $35,603 | $33,350 | 0.8% | 4.1% | 39.6% | 46M | 11.3% | 58.0% | 81.2 | 25.5% |
| 2007 | $1.48T | $32,652 | $32,536 | 3.5% | 2.8% | 35.7% | 45.2M | 8.2% | 121.9% | 80.9 | 25.9% |
| 2006 | $1.26T | $28,422 | $30,749 | 4.0% | 3.5% | 39.0% | 44.4M | 8.5% | 104.8% | 80.8 | 25.2% |
| 2005 | $1.15T | $26,451 | $27,630 | 3.6% | 3.4% | 42.4% | 43.7M | 9.1% | 83.1% | 80.2 | 24.9% |
| 2004 | $1.07T | $24,925 | $26,160 | 3.1% | 3.0% | 45.3% | 42.9M | 11.1% | 87.9% | 79.9 | 25.4% |
| 2003 | $908B | $21,522 | $25,057 | 2.9% | 3.0% | 47.7% | 42.2M | 11.3% | 80.0% | 79.6 | 25.6% |
| 2002 | $709B | $17,111 | $24,378 | 2.8% | 3.1% | 51.2% | 41.4M | 11.1% | 65.1% | 79.6 | 26.6% |
| 2001 | $628B | $15,368 | $22,952 | 3.9% | 3.6% | 54.1% | 40.9M | 10.3% | 74.6% | 79.4 | 27.9% |
| 2000 | $598B | $14,743 | $21,582 | 5.2% | 3.4% | 57.8% | 40.6M | 13.8% | 84.3% | 79.0 | 28.6% |
| 1999 | $634B | $15,708 | $19,938 | 4.4% | 2.3% | 60.9% | 40.4M | 15.5% | 67.9% | 78.7 | 26.4% |
| 1998 | $619B | $15,382 | $19,083 | 4.3% | 1.8% | 62.4% | 40.2M | 18.7% | 65.0% | 78.7 | 26.1% |
| 1997 | $590B | $14,722 | $17,903 | 3.6% | 2.0% | 64.3% | 40.1M | 20.7% | 49.2% | 78.6 | 25.7% |
| 1996 | $642B | $16,101 | $16,971 | 2.6% | 3.6% | 65.4% | 39.9M | 22.1% | 37.5% | 78.1 | 23.1% |
| 1995 | $614B | $15,461 | $16,276 | 2.8% | 4.7% | 61.6% | 39.7M | 22.7% | 31.0% | 78.0 | 21.9% |
| 1994 | $530B | $13,406 | $15,582 | 2.4% | 4.7% | 57.0% | 39.5M | 24.2% | 29.2% | 77.9 | 20.3% |
| 1993 | $525B | $13,330 | $14,973 | −1.0% | 4.6% | 54.6% | 39.4M | 22.2% | 22.6% | 77.5 | 17.7% |
| 1992 | $630B | $16,101 | $14,855 | 0.9% | 5.9% | 44.1% | 39.2M | 17.7% | 18.4% | 77.4 | 16.2% |
| 1991 | $577B | $14,801 | $14,461 | 2.5% | 5.9% | 41.9% | 39M | 15.9% | 25.6% | 77.0 | 15.8% |
| 1990 | $536B | $13,795 | $13,676 | 3.8% | 6.7% | 41.3% | 38.9M | 20.8% | 76.8 | 15.8% | |
| 1989 | $414B | $10,674 | 4.8% | 6.8% | 39.9% | 38.8M | 29.6% | 76.8 | 16.6% | ||
| 1988 | $376B | $9,696 | 5.1% | 4.8% | 38.5% | 38.8M | 24.2% | 76.7 | 17.3% | ||
| 1987 | $319B | $8,234 | 5.5% | 5.2% | 41.9% | 38.7M | 22.3% | 76.7 | 17.8% | ||
| 1986 | $251B | $6,509 | 3.3% | 8.8% | 42.1% | 38.6M | 19.5% | 76.5 | 18.2% | ||
| 1985 | $181B | $4,696 | 2.3% | 8.8% | 40.9% | 38.5M | 10.8% | 76.3 | 20.9% | ||
| 1984 | $172B | $4,487 | 1.8% | 11.3% | 36.0% | 38.3M | 7.7% | 76.3 | 21.3% | ||
| 1983 | $171B | $4,475 | 1.8% | 12.2% | 29.5% | 38.2M | 6.4% | 75.9 | 19.1% | ||
| 1982 | $196B | $5,156 | 1.2% | 14.4% | 24.4% | 38M | 5.7% | 76.1 | 17.0% | ||
| 1981 | $203B | $5,367 | −0.1% | 14.5% | 19.4% | 37.8M | 8.2% | 75.5 | 16.3% | ||
| 1980 | $233B | $6,204 | 2.2% | 15.6% | 16.1% | 37.5M | 7.1% | 75.3 | 14.3% | ||
| 1979 | $214B | $5,766 | 0.0% | 15.7% | 37.2M | 8.1% | 74.8 | 13.7% | |||
| 1978 | $160B | $4,353 | 1.5% | 19.8% | 36.9M | 11.2% | 74.3 | 13.9% | |||
| 1977 | $132B | $3,625 | 2.8% | 24.5% | 36.5M | 74.1 | 13.3% | ||||
| 1976 | $118B | $3,277 | 3.3% | 17.6% | 36.1M | 20.3% | 73.6 | 12.6% | |||
| 1975 | $115B | $3,208 | 0.5% | 17.0% | 35.8M | 28.9% | 73.3 | 12.4% | |||
| 1974 | $97.2B | $2,748 | 5.6% | 15.7% | 35.4M | 73.0 | 13.2% | ||||
| 1973 | $78.6B | $2,246 | 7.8% | 11.4% | 35M | 72.6 | 13.3% | ||||
| 1972 | $59.1B | $1,708 | 8.1% | 8.3% | 34.6M | 72.8 | 13.4% | ||||
| 1971 | $46.6B | $1,361 | 4.6% | 8.2% | 34.2M | 71.6 | 13.0% | ||||
| 1970 | $41B | $1,211 | 4.2% | 5.7% | 33.8M | 72.0 | 12.2% | ||||
| 1969 | $37.1B | $1,109 | 8.9% | 2.2% | 33.4M | 71.1 | |||||
| 1968 | $32.4B | $978 | 6.6% | 5.0% | 33.1M | 71.5 | |||||
| 1967 | $32.6B | $997 | 4.3% | 6.4% | 32.7M | 71.3 | |||||
| 1966 | $29.6B | $916 | 7.2% | 6.2% | 32.3M | 71.1 | |||||
| 1965 | $25.5B | $797 | 6.3% | 13.2% | 32M | 70.8 | |||||
| 1964 | $22B | $695 | 5.3% | 7.0% | 31.6M | 70.4 | |||||
| 1963 | $19.6B | $627 | 9.6% | 8.7% | 31.3M | 69.7 | |||||
| 1962 | $16.6B | $535 | 10.0% | 5.7% | 31M | 69.5 | |||||
| 1961 | $14.2B | $463 | 11.8% | 0.8% | 30.7M | 69.5 | |||||
| 1960 | $12.4B | $408 | 1.2% | 30.5M | 69.1 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)