Europe & Central Asia · High income
Luxembourg: the economy in numbers
Per person: $147,252, or $156,542 at purchasing power parity. Population: 686,970 (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #75 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +1.1%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $7.73 billion in 1960, $101 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $24,635 per person in 1960, $147,252 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 1.7% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 7 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 71.1% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 10.7% in 1975.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1995: 26.5% of GDP in 2025. IMF forecast for 2031: 39.7%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $69.4 billion, or 68.6% of GDP.
Population
1960: 313,970 · 2025: 686,970.
Unemployment rate
1991: 1.5% · 2025: 6.3%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 68.8 years · 2024: 83.2 years.
Exports of goods and services
1970: 89.8% · 2025: 190.5%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 2.0%f | 2.0%f | 39.7%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 2.0%f | 2.0%f | 37.1%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 2.1%f | 2.0%f | 34.7%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 2.1%f | 2.0%f | 32.3%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.6%f | 2.6%f | 30.0%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 1.1%f | 3.0%f | 28.5%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $101B | $147,252 | $156,542 | 0.6% | 2.3% | 26.5% | 687K | 6.3% | 68.6% | 190.5% | |
| 2024 | $93.3B | $137,782 | $156,079 | 0.4% | 2.1% | 26.3% | 677K | 6.4% | 44.9% | 83.2 | 191.5% |
| 2023 | $88.8B | $133,231 | $152,596 | 0.1% | 3.7% | 24.7% | 666K | 5.2% | 60.6% | 83.3 | 217.4% |
| 2022 | $80.8B | $123,720 | $146,919 | −1.1% | 6.3% | 24.9% | 653K | 4.6% | 63.0% | 82.9 | 222.3% |
| 2021 | $86.4B | $134,966 | $136,772 | 6.9% | 2.5% | 24.2% | 640K | 5.6% | 70.8% | 82.6 | 215.6% |
| 2020 | $73.7B | $116,860 | $122,067 | −0.5% | 0.8% | 24.5% | 630K | 6.8% | 70.0% | 82.1 | 204.4% |
| 2019 | $69.9B | $112,697 | $121,372 | 2.7% | 1.7% | 22.3% | 620K | 5.6% | 63.3% | 82.6 | 206.6% |
| 2018 | $71.1B | $116,927 | $116,638 | 1.6% | 1.5% | 20.9% | 608K | 5.6% | 69.6% | 82.3 | 197.2% |
| 2017 | $65.7B | $110,193 | $114,986 | 1.3% | 1.7% | 21.8% | 596K | 5.5% | 104.5% | 82.1 | 192.7% |
| 2016 | $62.2B | $106,899 | $113,365 | 5.0% | 0.3% | 19.6% | 582K | 6.7% | 97.9% | 82.7 | 191.1% |
| 2015 | $60.1B | $105,462 | $107,860 | 2.3% | 0.5% | 21.1% | 570K | 6.8% | 78.5% | 82.3 | 191.8% |
| 2014 | $68.8B | $123,679 | $105,296 | 2.6% | 0.6% | 21.9% | 556K | 6.0% | 91.8% | 82.2 | 182.8% |
| 2013 | $65.2B | $120,000 | $100,925 | 3.2% | 1.7% | 22.4% | 543K | 6.0% | 120.6% | 81.8 | 176.4% |
| 2012 | $59.8B | $112,585 | $96,636 | 1.6% | 2.7% | 20.8% | 531K | 5.0% | 117.7% | 81.4 | 171.2% |
| 2011 | $61.7B | $119,025 | $94,475 | 1.0% | 3.4% | 18.5% | 518K | 5.1% | 109.6% | 81.0 | 169.5% |
| 2010 | $56.2B | $110,886 | $90,336 | 3.8% | 2.3% | 19.1% | 507K | 4.4% | 179.9% | 80.6 | 162.7% |
| 2009 | $54.5B | $109,420 | $86,919 | −3.2% | 0.4% | 15.3% | 498K | 5.2% | 192.9% | 80.6 | 147.9% |
| 2008 | $58.8B | $120,422 | $90,971 | −0.3% | 3.4% | 14.6% | 489K | 5.1% | 113.2% | 80.5 | 161.5% |
| 2007 | $51.6B | $107,475 | $85,126 | 8.1% | 2.3% | 8.1% | 480K | 4.1% | 321.9% | 79.4 | 169.6% |
| 2006 | $42.9B | $90,789 | $78,861 | 6.0% | 2.7% | 8.2% | 473K | 4.7% | 185.3% | 79.3 | 167.7% |
| 2005 | $37.7B | $80,988 | $68,788 | 2.5% | 2.5% | 8.0% | 465K | 4.5% | 136.0% | 79.4 | 153.8% |
| 2004 | $35.1B | $76,545 | $64,686 | 4.2% | 2.2% | 7.8% | 458K | 5.1% | 143.0% | 79.1 | 143.7% |
| 2003 | $29.7B | $65,689 | $60,192 | 2.6% | 2.0% | 7.4% | 452K | 3.7% | 125.8% | 77.7 | 132.8% |
| 2002 | $23.6B | $53,006 | $58,576 | 3.2% | 2.1% | 7.4% | 446K | 2.6% | 103.8% | 78.0 | 136.4% |
| 2001 | $21.4B | $48,440 | $56,136 | 3.1% | 2.7% | 7.6% | 442K | 1.8% | 106.2% | 77.8 | 146.2% |
| 2000 | $21.2B | $48,660 | $55,136 | 6.9% | 3.2% | 7.5% | 436K | 2.3% | 160.2% | 77.9 | 147.6% |
| 1999 | $21.9B | $50,872 | $49,845 | 8.2% | 1.0% | 8.4% | 430K | 2.4% | 164.1% | 77.8 | 129.9% |
| 1998 | $20.2B | $47,445 | $44,270 | 6.7% | 1.0% | 9.5% | 425K | 2.8% | 189.5% | 77.0 | 127.7% |
| 1997 | $19.6B | $46,642 | $42,488 | 5.4% | 1.4% | 10.1% | 419K | 2.5% | 173.2% | 76.9 | 116.2% |
| 1996 | $20.9B | $50,444 | $39,722 | 1.4% | 1.2% | 10.2% | 414K | 3.3% | 155.1% | 76.5 | 108.0% |
| 1995 | $20.9B | $51,032 | $38,345 | 1.4% | 1.9% | 10.3% | 409K | 2.9% | 145.9% | 76.5 | 104.5% |
| 1994 | $17.7B | $43,933 | $37,551 | 3.8% | 2.2% | 403K | 3.5% | 161.1% | 76.4 | 102.1% | |
| 1993 | $15.9B | $40,067 | $35,899 | 4.2% | 3.6% | 397K | 2.3% | 121.3% | 75.7 | 98.9% | |
| 1992 | $15.5B | $39,571 | $34,108 | 1.8% | 3.2% | 392K | 2.0% | 76.3% | 75.8 | 98.6% | |
| 1991 | $13.8B | $35,747 | $33,191 | 8.6% | 3.1% | 387K | 1.5% | 81.5% | 75.5 | 99.6% | |
| 1990 | $12.8B | $33,465 | $29,949 | 5.3% | 3.3% | 382K | 81.8% | 74.8 | 99.7% | ||
| 1989 | $10B | $26,618 | 9.8% | 3.4% | 377K | 103.1% | 74.1 | 101.8% | |||
| 1988 | $9.42B | $25,219 | 8.5% | 1.4% | 373K | 89.9% | 74.1 | 99.0% | |||
| 1987 | $8.32B | $22,443 | 4.0% | −0.1% | 371K | 85.9% | 73.7 | 97.5% | |||
| 1986 | $6.69B | $18,150 | 10.0% | 0.3% | 368K | 68.3% | 74.0 | 100.3% | |||
| 1985 | $4.58B | $12,482 | 2.8% | 4.1% | 367K | 61.2% | 73.1 | 109.6% | |||
| 1984 | $4.44B | $12,127 | 6.2% | 6.4% | 366K | 36.5% | 72.6 | 102.1% | |||
| 1983 | $4.52B | $12,374 | 3.0% | 8.7% | 366K | 33.4% | 72.9 | 91.2% | |||
| 1982 | $4.6B | $12,591 | 1.1% | 9.4% | 366K | 34.8% | 72.1 | 89.9% | |||
| 1981 | $5.05B | $13,837 | −0.6% | 8.1% | 365K | 30.0% | 72.0 | 87.5% | |||
| 1980 | $6.02B | $16,531 | 0.8% | 6.3% | 364K | 24.1% | 72.3 | 89.4% | |||
| 1979 | $5.52B | $15,204 | 2.3% | 4.5% | 363K | 46.0% | 72.2 | 91.8% | |||
| 1978 | $4.72B | $13,034 | 4.1% | 3.1% | 362K | 22.2% | 71.4 | 84.6% | |||
| 1977 | $3.79B | $10,486 | 1.6% | 6.7% | 361K | 22.7% | 71.4 | 87.7% | |||
| 1976 | $3.42B | $9,491 | 2.5% | 9.8% | 361K | 23.4% | 70.2 | 89.0% | |||
| 1975 | $3.12B | $8,701 | −6.6% | 10.7% | 359K | 25.6% | 70.3 | 93.4% | |||
| 1974 | $3.18B | $8,967 | 4.2% | 9.5% | 355K | 70.2 | 103.7% | ||||
| 1973 | $2.61B | $7,447 | 8.3% | 6.1% | 350K | 70.3 | 90.2% | ||||
| 1972 | $1.9B | $5,487 | 6.6% | 5.2% | 347K | 70.4 | 83.7% | ||||
| 1971 | $1.52B | $4,435 | 2.7% | 4.7% | 342K | 69.2 | 89.0% | ||||
| 1970 | $1.46B | $4,298 | 1.8% | 4.6% | 339K | 69.2 | 89.8% | ||||
| 1969 | $1.25B | $3,690 | 10.0% | 2.3% | 338K | 69.7 | |||||
| 1968 | $1.08B | $3,203 | 4.2% | 2.6% | 336K | 70.0 | |||||
| 1967 | $983M | $2,935 | 0.2% | 2.2% | 335K | 69.5 | |||||
| 1966 | $977M | $2,925 | 1.1% | 3.3% | 334K | 68.9 | |||||
| 1965 | $929M | $2,804 | −0.7% | 3.3% | 332K | 69.2 | |||||
| 1964 | $911M | $2,779 | 7.9% | 3.1% | 328K | 68.9 | |||||
| 1963 | $798M | $2,462 | 3.4% | 2.9% | 324K | 68.7 | |||||
| 1962 | $748M | $2,332 | 1.4% | 0.9% | 321K | 68.4 | |||||
| 1961 | $710M | $2,241 | 3.8% | 0.5% | 317K | 69.2 | |||||
| 1960 | $710M | $2,261 | 0.4% | 314K | 68.8 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)