Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · High income
Saudi Arabia: the economy in numbers
Per person: $34,537, or $73,784 at purchasing power parity. Population: 37 million (2025).
$1.28T+4.5%real GDP growth, 2025
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #19 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: −3.3%.
GDP per capita
$34,537
2025 · #48 of 204
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,784
2025 · #25 of 197
Inflation
2.0%
2025 · IMF forecast 2026: 1.9%
Government debt
31.8%
2025 · % of GDP, general government
Population
37M
2025 · #43 of 217
Unemployment
3.0%
2025 · ILO estimate
Stock market capitalization
184.7%
2025 · % of GDP · $2.36T
Life expectancy
79.0 years
2024
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $19 billion in 1960, $1.28 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $7,820 per person in 1960, $34,537 in 2025.
GDP per capitaGDP per capita, PPP (international $)
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 2.9% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 10 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 78.9% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 34.6% in 1975.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1991: 103.0% of GDP in 1999. IMF forecast for 2031: 48.7%.
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $2.36 trillion, or 184.7% of GDP.
Population
1960: 2.44 million · 2025: 37 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 7.3% · 2025: 3.0%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 45.3 years · 2024: 79.0 years.
Exports of goods and services
1968: 47.7% · 2025: 29.7%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 3.6%f | 2.0%f | 48.7%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 3.5%f | 2.0%f | 45.9%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 3.4%f | 2.0%f | 43.1%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 4.8%f | 2.0%f | 40.2%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 7.9%f | 2.2%f | 37.3%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | −3.3%f | 1.9%f | 35.4%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.28T | $34,537 | $73,784 | 4.5% | 2.0% | 31.8% | 37M | 3.0% | 184.7% | 29.7% | |
| 2024 | $1.25T | $35,528 | $71,936 | 2.6% | 1.5% | 25.9% | 35.3M | 3.5% | 217.4% | 79.0 | 29.4% |
| 2023 | $1.22T | $36,157 | $71,624 | 0.5% | 2.5% | 23.0% | 33.7M | 4.0% | 247.4% | 78.7 | 30.8% |
| 2022 | $1.24T | $38,510 | $71,957 | 12.0% | 2.5% | 21.3% | 32.2M | 5.6% | 212.9% | 77.3 | 36.0% |
| 2021 | $983B | $31,921 | $62,690 | 6.5% | 3.1% | 25.5% | 30.8M | 6.6% | 271.8% | 77.1 | 29.2% |
| 2020 | $768B | $24,339 | $47,518 | −3.8% | 3.2% | 29.7% | 31.6M | 7.7% | 316.3% | 77.6 | 23.8% |
| 2019 | $889B | $29,567 | $59,560 | 1.7% | −2.0% | 20.3% | 30.1M | 5.6% | 270.8% | 78.3 | 32.2% |
| 2018 | $887B | $29,360 | $59,378 | 3.2% | 2.5% | 16.8% | 30.2M | 6.0% | 56.0% | 78.8 | 35.5% |
| 2017 | $741B | $23,929 | $53,120 | 1.2% | −0.9% | 15.9% | 31M | 5.9% | 60.9% | 78.7 | 32.4% |
| 2016 | $689B | $22,268 | $49,937 | 1.7% | 2.9% | 12.2% | 31M | 5.6% | 65.1% | 78.4 | 29.1% |
| 2015 | $693B | $23,256 | $53,931 | 4.7% | 1.2% | 5.5% | 29.8M | 5.6% | 60.7% | 77.8 | 31.4% |
| 2014 | $787B | $27,805 | $62,578 | 4.0% | 1.8% | 1.5% | 28.3M | 5.9% | 61.4% | 77.1 | 45.1% |
| 2013 | $770B | $27,865 | $62,203 | 2.9% | 3.1% | 2.1% | 27.6M | 5.6% | 60.7% | 76.5 | 50.4% |
| 2012 | $752B | $28,733 | $65,034 | 5.8% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 26.2M | 5.6% | 49.7% | 76.1 | 53.1% |
| 2011 | $681B | $27,127 | $64,125 | 11.8% | 5.8% | 5.3% | 25.1M | 5.8% | 49.8% | 75.8 | 55.3% |
| 2010 | $528B | $22,028 | $58,829 | 5.0% | 5.3% | 8.4% | 24M | 5.5% | 66.9% | 75.6 | 49.6% |
| 2009 | $429B | $17,718 | $54,787 | −1.1% | 5.1% | 14.0% | 24.2M | 5.4% | 74.3% | 75.4 | 47.1% |
| 2008 | $520B | $22,320 | $57,236 | 6.2% | 9.9% | 12.1% | 23.3M | 5.1% | 75.3 | 62.1% | |
| 2007 | $416B | $18,596 | $55,030 | 2.2% | 4.2% | 17.1% | 22.4M | 5.7% | 75.1 | 59.9% | |
| 2006 | $377B | $17,564 | $54,639 | 3.3% | 2.2% | 25.8% | 21.5M | 6.3% | 74.8 | 59.8% | |
| 2005 | $328B | $15,976 | $53,548 | 5.9% | 0.5% | 37.3% | 20.6M | 6.1% | 74.4 | 57.1% | |
| 2004 | $259B | $13,154 | $51,225 | 8.6% | 0.5% | 62.9% | 19.7M | 5.8% | 74.0 | 51.0% | |
| 2003 | $216B | $11,487 | $48,078 | 8.8% | 0.6% | 81.6% | 18.8M | 5.6% | 73.7 | 45.9% | |
| 2002 | $190B | $10,586 | $45,466 | −0.7% | 0.2% | 96.4% | 17.9M | 5.3% | 73.3 | 40.9% | |
| 2001 | $184B | $10,805 | $47,381 | 0.3% | −1.1% | 93.1% | 17M | 4.6% | 73.0 | 39.6% | |
| 2000 | $190B | $11,715 | $48,644 | 4.7% | −1.1% | 86.7% | 16.2M | 4.6% | 72.6 | 43.4% | |
| 1999 | $162B | $10,452 | $47,495 | −0.6% | −1.3% | 103.0% | 15.5M | 4.3% | 72.3 | 34.7% | |
| 1998 | $147B | $9,836 | $48,867 | 2.8% | −0.4% | 101.5% | 14.9M | 4.8% | 72.0 | 29.6% | |
| 1997 | $166B | $11,545 | $48,796 | 2.6% | 0.1% | 76.7% | 14.4M | 5.3% | 71.6 | 39.2% | |
| 1996 | $159B | $11,472 | $48,569 | 3.3% | 1.2% | 75.2% | 13.8M | 5.8% | 71.3 | 40.0% | |
| 1995 | $143B | $10,786 | $48,052 | 0.3% | 4.9% | 74.2% | 13.3M | 6.4% | 70.9 | 37.3% | |
| 1994 | $135B | $10,602 | $48,904 | 1.0% | 0.6% | 67.9% | 12.8M | 6.7% | 70.6 | 34.0% | |
| 1993 | $133B | $10,885 | $49,503 | 0.4% | 1.1% | 58.6% | 12.2M | 7.0% | 70.2 | 34.4% | |
| 1992 | $137B | $11,730 | $50,355 | 4.6% | −0.1% | 47.8% | 11.7M | 7.2% | 69.8 | 39.1% | |
| 1991 | $132B | $11,847 | $49,295 | 8.2% | 4.9% | 39.4% | 11.2M | 7.3% | 69.3 | 38.3% | |
| 1990 | $118B | $11,055 | $46,214 | 9.4% | 2.1% | 10.6M | 68.9 | 40.3% | |||
| 1989 | $95.3B | $9,414 | 0.4% | 1.0% | 10.1M | 68.4 | 33.7% | ||||
| 1988 | $88.3B | $9,165 | 6.6% | 0.9% | 9.63M | 67.8 | 31.3% | ||||
| 1987 | $85.7B | $9,386 | −3.1% | −1.5% | 9.13M | 67.2 | 30.9% | ||||
| 1986 | $87B | $10,078 | 1.0% | −3.2% | 8.63M | 66.6 | 26.7% | ||||
| 1985 | $104B | $12,745 | −7.2% | −3.1% | 8.15M | 66.0 | 30.1% | ||||
| 1984 | $120B | $15,541 | −4.0% | −1.6% | 7.7M | 65.4 | 34.5% | ||||
| 1983 | $129B | $17,810 | −11.0% | 0.2% | 7.25M | 64.7 | 38.5% | ||||
| 1982 | $153B | $22,454 | −16.1% | 1.0% | 6.82M | 64.0 | 50.7% | ||||
| 1981 | $184B | $28,703 | 3.0% | 2.8% | 6.42M | 63.3 | 62.8% | ||||
| 1980 | $165B | $27,206 | 5.8% | 4.2% | 6.05M | 62.4 | 63.5% | ||||
| 1979 | $112B | $19,612 | 11.0% | 1.1% | 5.7M | 61.5 | 54.9% | ||||
| 1978 | $80.3B | $14,914 | 0.2% | −1.6% | 5.38M | 60.7 | 49.3% | ||||
| 1977 | $74.2B | $14,595 | 5.9% | 11.4% | 5.08M | 59.7 | 57.4% | ||||
| 1976 | $64B | $13,313 | 15.2% | 31.6% | 4.81M | 58.8 | 59.7% | ||||
| 1975 | $46.8B | $10,266 | −5.5% | 34.6% | 4.56M | 57.8 | 73.3% | ||||
| 1974 | $45.4B | $10,503 | 16.1% | 21.4% | 4.32M | 56.8 | 62.9% | ||||
| 1973 | $14.9B | $3,640 | 22.5% | 16.5% | 4.11M | 55.8 | 99.7% | ||||
| 1972 | $9.66B | $2,474 | 18.8% | 4.3% | 3.91M | 54.7 | 61.6% | ||||
| 1971 | $7.18B | $1,929 | 15.2% | 4.5% | 3.72M | 53.7 | 54.0% | ||||
| 1970 | $5.38B | $1,509 | 52.6% | 0.2% | 3.56M | 52.7 | 50.8% | ||||
| 1969 | $4.49B | $1,313 | 6.0% | 3.5% | 3.42M | 51.8 | 48.2% | ||||
| 1968 | $4.19B | $1,276 | 7.7% | 1.6% | 3.28M | 50.9 | 47.7% | ||||
| 1967 | $3.26B | $1,032 | 8.9% | 2.1% | 3.16M | 50.0 | |||||
| 1966 | $2.92B | $961 | 8.2% | 1.6% | 3.04M | 49.2 | |||||
| 1965 | $2.65B | $904 | 12.1% | 0.4% | 2.93M | 48.4 | |||||
| 1964 | $2.37B | $840 | 8.8% | 2.8% | 2.82M | 47.7 | |||||
| 1963 | $2.21B | $812 | 8.7% | 2.72M | 47.1 | ||||||
| 1962 | $2.13B | $813 | 11.9% | 2.62M | 46.5 | ||||||
| 1961 | $1.92B | $760 | 11.9% | 2.53M | 45.9 | ||||||
| 1960 | $1.75B | $718 | 2.44M | 45.3 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Afghanistan · Algeria · Bahrain · Djibouti · Egypt · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Jordan · Kuwait · Lebanon · Libya · Malta · Morocco · Oman · Pakistan · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Syria · Tunisia · United Arab Emirates · West Bank and Gaza · Yemen
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)