Latin America & Caribbean · Upper middle income
Brazil: the economy in numbers
Per person: $10,713, or $23,433 at purchasing power parity. Population: 213 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #11 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.2%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $186 billion in 1960, $2.28 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $2,563 per person in 1960, $10,713 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 1.4% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 9 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 4.46 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 2,948% in 1990. Years with inflation above 100%: 14. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 2000: 96.0% of GDP in 2020. IMF forecast for 2031: 105.3%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $871 billion, or 38.2% of GDP.
Population
1960: 72.4 million · 2025: 213 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 6.9% · 2025: 6.0%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 53.2 years · 2024: 76.0 years.
Exports of goods and services
1960: 6.3% · 2025: 17.8%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 2.5%f | 3.0%f | 105.3%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 2.5%f | 3.0%f | 104.5%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 2.5%f | 3.0%f | 103.2%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 2.4%f | 3.1%f | 101.3%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.9%f | 4.1%f | 99.3%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2.2%f | 4.4%f | 97.0%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $2.28T | $10,713 | $23,433 | 2.3% | 5.0% | 93.3% | 213M | 6.0% | 38.2% | 17.8% | |
| 2024 | $2.19T | $10,311 | $22,371 | 3.4% | 4.4% | 87.0% | 212M | 6.8% | 30.1% | 76.0 | 17.9% |
| 2023 | $2.19T | $10,378 | $21,193 | 3.2% | 4.6% | 84.0% | 211M | 7.9% | 45.2% | 75.8 | 18.0% |
| 2022 | $1.95T | $9,281 | $19,874 | 3.0% | 9.3% | 83.9% | 210M | 9.2% | 40.7% | 74.9 | 19.6% |
| 2021 | $1.67T | $7,973 | $18,076 | 4.8% | 8.3% | 88.9% | 210M | 13.2% | 48.8% | 73.0 | 19.1% |
| 2020 | $1.48T | $7,074 | $16,102 | −3.3% | 3.2% | 96.0% | 209M | 13.7% | 67.0% | 74.5 | 16.5% |
| 2019 | $1.87T | $9,030 | $16,070 | 1.2% | 3.7% | 87.1% | 207M | 11.9% | 63.4% | 75.8 | 14.1% |
| 2018 | $1.92T | $9,301 | $15,464 | 1.8% | 3.7% | 84.8% | 206M | 12.3% | 47.8% | 75.6 | 14.6% |
| 2017 | $2.06T | $10,081 | $14,559 | 1.3% | 3.4% | 82.7% | 205M | 12.8% | 46.3% | 75.4 | 12.5% |
| 2016 | $1.8T | $8,836 | $14,309 | −3.3% | 8.7% | 77.4% | 203M | 11.6% | 42.2% | 75.1 | 12.5% |
| 2015 | $1.8T | $8,936 | $14,821 | −3.5% | 9.0% | 71.7% | 202M | 8.5% | 27.2% | 75.1 | 12.9% |
| 2014 | $2.46T | $12,275 | $15,827 | 0.5% | 6.3% | 61.6% | 200M | 6.8% | 34.4% | 74.8 | 11.0% |
| 2013 | $2.47T | $12,459 | $15,722 | 3.0% | 6.2% | 59.6% | 198M | 7.1% | 41.3% | 74.6 | 11.7% |
| 2012 | $2.47T | $12,522 | $15,198 | 1.9% | 5.4% | 61.6% | 197M | 7.3% | 49.8% | 74.3 | 11.9% |
| 2011 | $2.62T | $13,397 | $15,212 | 4.0% | 6.6% | 60.6% | 195M | 7.6% | 47.0% | 74.0 | 11.6% |
| 2010 | $2.21T | $11,403 | $14,452 | 7.5% | 5.0% | 62.4% | 194M | 8.4% | 70.0% | 73.8 | 10.9% |
| 2009 | $1.67T | $8,679 | $13,391 | −0.1% | 4.9% | 64.7% | 192M | 9.4% | 80.2% | 73.5 | 10.9% |
| 2008 | $1.7T | $8,908 | $13,445 | 5.1% | 5.7% | 61.4% | 190M | 8.3% | 34.9% | 73.1 | 13.5% |
| 2007 | $1.4T | $7,410 | $12,673 | 6.1% | 3.6% | 63.0% | 189M | 9.3% | 98.0% | 72.7 | 13.3% |
| 2006 | $1.11T | $5,934 | $11,751 | 4.0% | 4.2% | 64.6% | 187M | 9.7% | 64.1% | 72.3 | 14.4% |
| 2005 | $892B | $4,828 | $11,081 | 3.2% | 6.9% | 67.0% | 185M | 10.6% | 53.2% | 71.8 | 15.2% |
| 2004 | $669B | $3,664 | $10,526 | 5.8% | 6.6% | 68.0% | 183M | 10.1% | 49.4% | 71.4 | 16.5% |
| 2003 | $558B | $3,091 | $9,802 | 1.1% | 14.7% | 71.5% | 181M | 11.2% | 42.0% | 70.9 | 15.2% |
| 2002 | $510B | $2,856 | $9,617 | 3.1% | 8.5% | 76.1% | 179M | 10.6% | 24.9% | 70.4 | 14.2% |
| 2001 | $560B | $3,176 | $9,304 | 1.4% | 6.8% | 67.3% | 176M | 10.6% | 33.3% | 70.0 | 12.4% |
| 2000 | $655B | $3,767 | $9,092 | 4.4% | 7.0% | 62.2% | 174M | 10.9% | 34.5% | 69.6 | 10.2% |
| 1999 | $600B | $3,494 | $8,635 | 0.5% | 4.9% | 172M | 11.1% | 69.2 | 9.6% | ||
| 1998 | $864B | $5,106 | $8,599 | 0.3% | 3.2% | 169M | 10.2% | 68.8 | 7.0% | ||
| 1997 | $883B | $5,299 | $8,602 | 3.4% | 6.9% | 167M | 9.0% | 68.5 | 7.0% | ||
| 1996 | $850B | $5,179 | $8,301 | 2.2% | 15.8% | 164M | 8.0% | 68.1 | 6.7% | ||
| 1995 | $769B | $4,757 | $8,097 | 4.2% | 66.0% | 162M | 7.1% | 67.7 | 7.5% | ||
| 1994 | $525B | $3,299 | $7,727 | 5.9% | 2,076% | 159M | 6.6% | 67.3 | 9.5% | ||
| 1993 | $368B | $2,349 | $7,260 | 4.9% | 1,927% | 157M | 6.0% | 66.9 | 10.5% | ||
| 1992 | $328B | $2,127 | $6,869 | −0.5% | 952.0% | 154M | 7.1% | 66.5 | 10.9% | ||
| 1991 | $343B | $2,258 | $6,867 | 1.0% | 432.8% | 152M | 6.9% | 66.2 | 8.7% | ||
| 1990 | $385B | $2,581 | $6,688 | −4.4% | 2,948% | 149M | 65.9 | 8.2% | |||
| 1989 | $413B | $2,819 | 3.2% | 1,431% | 147M | 65.5 | 8.9% | ||||
| 1988 | $308B | $2,141 | −0.1% | 629.1% | 144M | 65.2 | 11.7% | ||||
| 1987 | $283B | $2,006 | 3.5% | 228.3% | 141M | 64.8 | 9.8% | ||||
| 1986 | $256B | $1,854 | 7.5% | 147.1% | 138M | 64.4 | 9.2% | ||||
| 1985 | $211B | $1,556 | 7.9% | 226.0% | 136M | 64.0 | 12.9% | ||||
| 1984 | $188B | $1,420 | 5.4% | 192.1% | 133M | 63.6 | 15.0% | ||||
| 1983 | $190B | $1,461 | −2.9% | 135.0% | 130M | 63.1 | 12.2% | ||||
| 1982 | $271B | $2,138 | 0.8% | 100.5% | 127M | 62.7 | 7.9% | ||||
| 1981 | $258B | $2,080 | −4.2% | 101.7% | 124M | 62.3 | 9.6% | ||||
| 1980 | $237B | $1,959 | 9.2% | 90.2% | 121M | 61.8 | 9.0% | ||||
| 1979 | $221B | $1,870 | 6.8% | 118M | 61.4 | 7.2% | |||||
| 1978 | $200B | $1,733 | 5.0% | 116M | 60.9 | 6.7% | |||||
| 1977 | $176B | $1,562 | 4.9% | 113M | 60.5 | 7.2% | |||||
| 1976 | $153B | $1,390 | 10.3% | 110M | 60.0 | 7.0% | |||||
| 1975 | $129B | $1,201 | 5.2% | 108M | 59.6 | 7.2% | |||||
| 1974 | $110B | $1,045 | 8.2% | 105M | 59.1 | 7.7% | |||||
| 1973 | $83.6B | $815 | 14.0% | 103M | 58.7 | 7.8% | |||||
| 1972 | $58.4B | $583 | 11.9% | 100M | 58.3 | 7.3% | |||||
| 1971 | $48.9B | $500 | 11.3% | 97.7M | 57.8 | 6.5% | |||||
| 1970 | $42.3B | $444 | 10.4% | 95.4M | 57.3 | 7.0% | |||||
| 1969 | $37.2B | $399 | 9.5% | 93M | 56.9 | 6.7% | |||||
| 1968 | $33.9B | $374 | 9.8% | 90.7M | 56.5 | 6.0% | |||||
| 1967 | $31.1B | $351 | 4.2% | 88.4M | 56.0 | 5.7% | |||||
| 1966 | $28.3B | $328 | 6.7% | 86.1M | 55.6 | 6.5% | |||||
| 1965 | $22.5B | $268 | 2.4% | 83.8M | 55.2 | 7.5% | |||||
| 1964 | $21B | $257 | 3.4% | 81.5M | 54.8 | 6.5% | |||||
| 1963 | $23.3B | $294 | 0.6% | 79.2M | 54.5 | 8.9% | |||||
| 1962 | $19.2B | $250 | 6.6% | 76.9M | 54.0 | 4.0% | |||||
| 1961 | $17.3B | $232 | 8.6% | 74.6M | 53.6 | 6.4% | |||||
| 1960 | $17B | $235 | 72.4M | 53.2 | 6.3% |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Inflation: IMF data for 1980, World Bank for the other years.
Nearby economies in Latin America & Caribbean
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Aruba · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Bolivia · Brazil · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Cuba · Curaçao · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Puerto Rico · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Martin (French part) · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Sint Maarten · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Turks and Caicos Islands · U.S. Virgin Islands · Uruguay · Venezuela
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)