Europe & Central Asia · High income
Poland: the economy in numbers
Per person: $28,420, or $54,262 at purchasing power parity. Population: 36.4 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #21 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +3.4%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $163 billion in 1990, $1.04 trillion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $4,269 per person in 1990, $28,420 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 3.6% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1980: 7 of 46.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose 2.24 times from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 567.9% in 1990. Years with inflation above 100%: 3. The chart cuts the scale at 100%; “Full scale” shows everything.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1995: 59.7% of GDP in 2025. IMF forecast for 2031: 82.0%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2025 listed domestic companies were worth $316 billion, or 30.6% of GDP.
Population
1960: 29.6 million · 2025: 36.4 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 13.6% · 2025: 3.0%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 67.7 years · 2024: 78.4 years.
Exports of goods and services
1995: 22.9% · 2025: 50.0%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 2.5%f | 2.5%f | 82.0%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 2.5%f | 2.5%f | 79.8%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 2.5%f | 2.7%f | 77.0%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 2.5%f | 3.9%f | 73.7%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 2.5%f | 2.8%f | 70.7%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 3.4%f | 3.2%f | 66.6%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $1.04T | $28,420 | $54,262 | 3.6% | 3.8% | 59.7% | 36.4M | 3.0% | 30.6% | 50.0% | |
| 2024 | $918B | $25,104 | $51,263 | 3.0% | 3.8% | 54.8% | 36.6M | 2.8% | 21.5% | 78.4 | 52.2% |
| 2023 | $812B | $22,145 | $48,473 | 0.2% | 11.5% | 49.5% | 36.7M | 2.7% | 26.1% | 78.3 | 57.9% |
| 2022 | $696B | $18,891 | $46,778 | 5.3% | 14.4% | 48.8% | 36.8M | 2.8% | 21.2% | 77.2 | 62.4% |
| 2021 | $689B | $18,636 | $41,060 | 6.9% | 5.1% | 53.0% | 37M | 3.3% | 28.6% | 75.4 | 57.0% |
| 2020 | $606B | $16,151 | $37,089 | −2.0% | 3.4% | 56.6% | 37.5M | 3.2% | 29.3% | 76.4 | 52.4% |
| 2019 | $603B | $15,875 | $35,882 | 4.6% | 2.2% | 45.2% | 38M | 3.3% | 25.2% | 77.9 | 52.6% |
| 2018 | $595B | $15,658 | $32,345 | 6.2% | 1.8% | 48.2% | 38M | 3.8% | 27.0% | 77.6 | 52.2% |
| 2017 | $528B | $13,913 | $30,170 | 5.2% | 2.1% | 50.4% | 38M | 4.9% | 38.1% | 77.8 | 51.7% |
| 2016 | $473B | $12,464 | $28,360 | 3.0% | −0.7% | 54.1% | 38M | 6.1% | 29.3% | 77.9 | 49.9% |
| 2015 | $480B | $12,638 | $26,988 | 4.4% | −0.9% | 51.1% | 38M | 7.5% | 28.7% | 77.5 | 47.2% |
| 2014 | $542B | $14,262 | $25,460 | 3.9% | 0.1% | 51.1% | 38M | 9.0% | 31.2% | 77.6 | 46.2% |
| 2013 | $518B | $13,622 | $24,434 | 0.7% | 1.0% | 56.9% | 38M | 10.3% | 39.5% | 77.0 | 45.8% |
| 2012 | $498B | $13,087 | $23,728 | 1.5% | 3.6% | 54.5% | 38.1M | 10.0% | 35.6% | 76.7 | 44.0% |
| 2011 | $528B | $13,868 | $22,809 | 5.3% | 4.2% | 54.8% | 38.1M | 9.6% | 26.2% | 76.7 | 42.3% |
| 2010 | $478B | $12,568 | $20,991 | 3.2% | 2.6% | 53.7% | 38M | 9.6% | 39.9% | 76.2 | 39.9% |
| 2009 | $441B | $11,556 | $19,300 | 2.6% | 3.8% | 49.7% | 38.2M | 8.1% | 34.2% | 75.7 | 37.0% |
| 2008 | $536B | $14,049 | $18,372 | 4.4% | 4.2% | 46.6% | 38.1M | 7.1% | 17.0% | 75.5 | 37.7% |
| 2007 | $430B | $11,273 | $16,833 | 6.8% | 2.5% | 44.4% | 38.1M | 9.6% | 49.2% | 75.2 | 38.5% |
| 2006 | $346B | $9,069 | $15,205 | 6.2% | 1.3% | 47.1% | 38.1M | 13.8% | 43.0% | 75.1 | 37.7% |
| 2005 | $307B | $8,044 | $13,936 | 3.3% | 2.2% | 46.5% | 38.2M | 17.6% | 30.6% | 75.0 | 34.5% |
| 2004 | $256B | $6,712 | $13,413 | 5.1% | 3.4% | 45.0% | 38.2M | 18.8% | 27.5% | 74.8 | 34.1% |
| 2003 | $219B | $5,721 | $12,329 | 3.5% | 0.7% | 46.2% | 38.2M | 19.9% | 16.9% | 74.6 | 33.2% |
| 2002 | $200B | $5,223 | $11,841 | 1.9% | 1.9% | 41.4% | 38.2M | 20.2% | 14.2% | 74.5 | 28.6% |
| 2001 | $192B | $5,015 | $11,175 | 1.2% | 5.4% | 37.0% | 38.2M | 18.4% | 13.6% | 74.2 | 27.1% |
| 2000 | $173B | $4,521 | $10,721 | 4.7% | 9.9% | 36.3% | 38.3M | 14.9% | 18.1% | 73.7 | 27.1% |
| 1999 | $171B | $4,416 | $10,081 | 4.7% | 7.2% | 39.2% | 38.7M | 12.3% | 17.3% | 73.0 | 24.0% |
| 1998 | $175B | $4,534 | $9,521 | 4.6% | 11.6% | 38.6% | 38.7M | 9.9% | 11.7% | 73.0 | 25.9% |
| 1997 | $160B | $4,137 | $8,967 | 6.4% | 14.9% | 42.6% | 38.6M | 11.0% | 7.6% | 72.6 | 23.3% |
| 1996 | $161B | $4,164 | $8,310 | 6.1% | 19.8% | 43.0% | 38.6M | 12.7% | 5.2% | 72.2 | 22.0% |
| 1995 | $143B | $3,701 | $7,715 | 7.9% | 28.0% | 48.6% | 38.6M | 13.7% | 3.2% | 71.9 | 22.9% |
| 1994 | $111B | $2,875 | $7,040 | 5.3% | 33.0% | 38.5M | 14.8% | 71.7 | |||
| 1993 | $96B | $2,497 | $6,560 | 3.7% | 37.0% | 38.5M | 14.4% | 71.6 | |||
| 1992 | $94.3B | $2,459 | $6,193 | 2.5% | 46.1% | 38.4M | 13.6% | 71.1 | |||
| 1991 | $85.5B | $2,236 | $5,925 | −7.0% | 76.8% | 38.2M | 13.6% | 70.6 | |||
| 1990 | $66B | $1,731 | $6,185 | −7.2% | 567.9% | 38.1M | 70.9 | ||||
| 1989 | 3.8% | 244.6% | 38M | 71.0 | |||||||
| 1988 | 3.3% | 58.7% | 37.8M | 71.3 | |||||||
| 1987 | 2.3% | 26.4% | 37.7M | 70.9 | |||||||
| 1986 | 3.5% | 16.5% | 37.5M | 70.8 | |||||||
| 1985 | 3.9% | 11.5% | 37.2M | 70.5 | |||||||
| 1984 | −0.4% | 15.4% | 36.9M | 70.8 | |||||||
| 1983 | 5.6% | 25.5% | 36.6M | 71.0 | |||||||
| 1982 | −4.8% | 103.6% | 36.2M | 71.1 | |||||||
| 1981 | −10.0% | 19.1% | 35.9M | 71.1 | |||||||
| 1980 | −6.0% | 9.7% | 35.6M | 70.1 | |||||||
| 1979 | 7.0% | 35.2M | 70.8 | ||||||||
| 1978 | 8.1% | 35M | 70.4 | ||||||||
| 1977 | 4.9% | 34.7M | 70.4 | ||||||||
| 1976 | 4.4% | 34.4M | 70.7 | ||||||||
| 1975 | 2.3% | 34M | 70.6 | ||||||||
| 1974 | 7.1% | 33.7M | 71.1 | ||||||||
| 1973 | 2.5% | 33.4M | 70.7 | ||||||||
| 1972 | −0.1% | 33.1M | 70.7 | ||||||||
| 1971 | 1.1% | 32.8M | 69.6 | ||||||||
| 1970 | 32.7M | 69.9 | |||||||||
| 1969 | 32.5M | 69.7 | |||||||||
| 1968 | 32.3M | 70.2 | |||||||||
| 1967 | 32M | 69.4 | |||||||||
| 1966 | 31.7M | 69.8 | |||||||||
| 1965 | 31.4M | 69.4 | |||||||||
| 1964 | 31.1M | 68.6 | |||||||||
| 1963 | 30.7M | 68.4 | |||||||||
| 1962 | 30.3M | 67.4 | |||||||||
| 1961 | 30M | 67.8 | |||||||||
| 1960 | 29.6M | 67.7 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast. Real growth: IMF data for 1980–1990, World Bank for the other years.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)