Europe & Central Asia · High income
Portugal: the economy in numbers
Per person: $32,082, or $53,146 at purchasing power parity. Population: 10.8 million (2025).
GDP in 2025, current US dollars: #46 of 204 economies. IMF forecast for 2026: +2.1%.
GDP
Adjusted for US inflation, in 2025 dollars: $36.4 billion in 1960, $347 billion in 2025.
GDP per capita
In 2025 dollars: $4,107 per person in 1960, $32,082 in 2025.
Real GDP growth
Average over 2016–2025: 2.2% a year. Years of falling GDP since 1961: 10 of 65.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Inflation
Consumer prices rose by 68.1% from 2000 to 2025. Highest annual inflation: 31.0% in 1977.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)
Government debt, % of GDP
Highest since 1990: 134.1% of GDP in 2020. IMF forecast for 2031: 72.0%.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Stock market capitalization, % of GDP
In 2018 listed domestic companies were worth $61.9 billion, or 25.6% of GDP.
Population
1960: 8.86 million · 2025: 10.8 million.
Unemployment rate
1991: 3.9% · 2025: 6.2%.
Life expectancy at birth
1960: 64.0 years · 2024: 82.4 years.
Exports of goods and services
1970: 19.1% · 2025: 43.7%.
Data by year
Show the year-by-year table
| Year | GDP | GDP per capita | Per capita, PPP | Real growth | Inflation | Gov. debt, % GDP | Population | Unemployment | Stock market, % GDP | Life expectancy | Exports, % GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2031 | 1.6%f | 1.9%f | 72.0%f | ||||||||
| 2030 | 1.6%f | 1.9%f | 73.4%f | ||||||||
| 2029 | 1.7%f | 2.1%f | 75.3%f | ||||||||
| 2028 | 1.8%f | 2.1%f | 77.9%f | ||||||||
| 2027 | 1.9%f | 3.0%f | 81.0%f | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2.1%f | 3.2%f | 85.1%f | ||||||||
| 2025 | $347B | $32,082 | $53,146 | 1.9% | 2.3% | 89.7% | 10.8M | 6.2% | 43.7% | ||
| 2024 | $314B | $29,328 | $52,513 | 2.2% | 2.4% | 93.5% | 10.7M | 6.5% | 82.4 | 45.8% | |
| 2023 | $292B | $27,635 | $49,800 | 3.1% | 4.3% | 96.9% | 10.6M | 6.5% | 82.3 | 47.2% | |
| 2022 | $257B | $24,621 | $45,250 | 7.0% | 7.8% | 111.2% | 10.4M | 6.1% | 81.6 | 49.5% | |
| 2021 | $256B | $24,711 | $38,658 | 5.6% | 1.3% | 123.9% | 10.4M | 6.7% | 81.4 | 41.5% | |
| 2020 | $230B | $22,299 | $35,967 | −8.2% | −0.0% | 134.1% | 10.3M | 6.8% | 81.3 | 37.3% | |
| 2019 | $240B | $23,343 | $37,866 | 2.7% | 0.3% | 116.1% | 10.3M | 6.4% | 81.7 | 43.7% | |
| 2018 | $242B | $23,541 | $34,897 | 2.9% | 1.0% | 121.1% | 10.3M | 7.0% | 25.6% | 81.3 | 43.7% |
| 2017 | $221B | $21,442 | $32,971 | 3.3% | 1.4% | 126.0% | 10.3M | 8.9% | 34.2% | 81.4 | 42.9% |
| 2016 | $206B | $19,980 | $31,589 | 2.0% | 0.6% | 131.2% | 10.3M | 11.1% | 27.8% | 81.1 | 40.4% |
| 2015 | $199B | $19,216 | $29,608 | 1.6% | 0.5% | 131.0% | 10.4M | 12.4% | 30.1% | 81.1 | 40.7% |
| 2014 | $230B | $22,121 | $28,765 | 0.7% | −0.3% | 132.5% | 10.4M | 13.9% | 25.1% | 81.1 | 40.2% |
| 2013 | $227B | $21,676 | $27,966 | −1.0% | 0.3% | 130.8% | 10.5M | 16.2% | 34.9% | 80.7 | 39.6% |
| 2012 | $217B | $20,593 | $26,476 | −4.1% | 2.8% | 128.6% | 10.5M | 15.5% | 30.3% | 80.4 | 37.7% |
| 2011 | $245B | $23,247 | $26,803 | −1.7% | 3.7% | 114.0% | 10.6M | 12.7% | 25.1% | 80.5 | 34.4% |
| 2010 | $238B | $22,552 | $27,292 | 1.7% | 1.4% | 99.9% | 10.6M | 10.8% | 34.4% | 79.0 | 30.0% |
| 2009 | $245B | $23,151 | $26,472 | −3.1% | −0.8% | 87.6% | 10.6M | 9.4% | 40.2% | 78.7 | 27.3% |
| 2008 | $263B | $24,949 | $26,666 | 0.3% | 2.6% | 75.5% | 10.6M | 7.6% | 26.1% | 78.5 | 31.3% |
| 2007 | $240B | $22,811 | $25,738 | 2.5% | 2.5% | 72.7% | 10.5M | 8.0% | 55.0% | 78.3 | 31.2% |
| 2006 | $209B | $19,839 | $24,677 | 1.6% | 3.1% | 73.7% | 10.5M | 7.6% | 49.9% | 78.4 | 30.4% |
| 2005 | $197B | $18,780 | $22,725 | 0.8% | 2.3% | 72.2% | 10.5M | 7.6% | 34.0% | 78.1 | 27.1% |
| 2004 | $189B | $18,064 | $21,476 | 1.8% | 2.4% | 67.1% | 10.5M | 6.3% | 37.1% | 77.7 | 27.7% |
| 2003 | $165B | $15,798 | $20,850 | −0.9% | 3.2% | 63.9% | 10.5M | 6.1% | 35.3% | 77.2 | 27.4% |
| 2002 | $135B | $12,937 | $20,357 | 0.8% | 3.6% | 60.0% | 10.4M | 4.5% | 31.8% | 77.1 | 27.1% |
| 2001 | $122B | $11,735 | $19,529 | 1.9% | 4.4% | 57.4% | 10.4M | 3.8% | 38.1% | 76.8 | 27.4% |
| 2000 | $119B | $11,526 | $18,883 | 3.8% | 2.9% | 54.2% | 10.3M | 3.8% | 51.2% | 76.3 | 28.2% |
| 1999 | $127B | $12,475 | $17,718 | 3.9% | 2.3% | 55.4% | 10.2M | 4.6% | 53.5% | 76.0 | 26.5% |
| 1998 | $124B | $12,199 | $16,688 | 4.8% | 2.6% | 55.6% | 10.2M | 4.6% | 50.8% | 75.7 | 27.3% |
| 1997 | $117B | $11,576 | $15,789 | 4.4% | 2.3% | 58.2% | 10.1M | 6.6% | 33.3% | 75.4 | 27.2% |
| 1996 | $123B | $12,185 | $14,922 | 3.5% | 3.1% | 64.8% | 10.1M | 7.3% | 75.3 | 26.5% | |
| 1995 | $118B | $11,781 | $14,406 | 4.3% | 4.2% | 63.5% | 10M | 7.1% | 75.3 | 26.8% | |
| 1994 | $99.7B | $9,977 | $13,578 | 1.0% | 5.4% | 61.6% | 9.99M | 6.7% | 74.9 | 25.1% | |
| 1993 | $95B | $9,535 | $13,202 | −2.0% | 6.8% | 58.4% | 9.96M | 5.3% | 74.5 | 23.6% | |
| 1992 | $108B | $10,811 | $13,182 | 1.1% | 9.6% | 59.3% | 9.95M | 4.0% | 74.3 | 24.5% | |
| 1991 | $89.2B | $8,959 | $12,739 | 4.4% | 11.8% | 65.2% | 9.96M | 3.9% | 74.0 | 26.5% | |
| 1990 | $78.7B | $7,885 | $11,780 | 4.0% | 13.6% | 61.4% | 9.98M | 74.0 | 29.2% | ||
| 1989 | $60.6B | $6,056 | 6.4% | 12.7% | 10M | 74.3 | 29.5% | ||||
| 1988 | $56.3B | $5,624 | 7.5% | 10.1% | 10M | 73.7 | 27.6% | ||||
| 1987 | $48.2B | $4,804 | 6.4% | 9.6% | 10M | 73.7 | 27.3% | ||||
| 1986 | $38.7B | $3,862 | 4.1% | 12.3% | 10M | 73.3 | 26.0% | ||||
| 1985 | $27.1B | $2,705 | 2.8% | 19.5% | 10M | 72.8 | 29.2% | ||||
| 1984 | $25.2B | $2,523 | −1.9% | 28.4% | 10M | 72.5 | 29.2% | ||||
| 1983 | $27.2B | $2,735 | −0.2% | 24.0% | 9.96M | 72.3 | 24.6% | ||||
| 1982 | $30.5B | $3,080 | 2.1% | 21.7% | 9.91M | 72.4 | 20.7% | ||||
| 1981 | $32B | $3,246 | 1.6% | 19.0% | 9.85M | 71.6 | 20.3% | ||||
| 1980 | $32.9B | $3,368 | 4.6% | 15.9% | 9.77M | 71.2 | 21.5% | ||||
| 1979 | $26.6B | $2,756 | 5.6% | 21.9% | 9.66M | 71.2 | 21.2% | ||||
| 1978 | $23.5B | $2,457 | 2.8% | 21.0% | 9.56M | 70.3 | 15.8% | ||||
| 1977 | $21.4B | $2,267 | 5.6% | 31.0% | 9.46M | 70.0 | 14.4% | ||||
| 1976 | $20.3B | $2,173 | 6.9% | 21.1% | 9.36M | 68.9 | 13.7% | ||||
| 1975 | $19.3B | $2,128 | −4.3% | 15.3% | 9.09M | 68.3 | 16.0% | ||||
| 1974 | $17.5B | $2,000 | 1.1% | 25.1% | 8.75M | 68.0 | 21.1% | ||||
| 1973 | $15.1B | $1,748 | 11.2% | 13.0% | 8.63M | 67.5 | 20.9% | ||||
| 1972 | $11.2B | $1,302 | 8.0% | 10.7% | 8.63M | 68.3 | 21.3% | ||||
| 1971 | $9.2B | $1,065 | 6.6% | 11.9% | 8.64M | 66.8 | 19.7% | ||||
| 1970 | $8.11B | $934 | 9.1% | 6.4% | 8.68M | 67.1 | 19.1% | ||||
| 1969 | $7.29B | $832 | 2.1% | 8.8% | 8.76M | 66.3 | |||||
| 1968 | $6.64B | $752 | 8.9% | 6.1% | 8.84M | 66.7 | |||||
| 1967 | $6.0B | $676 | 7.5% | 5.5% | 8.87M | 66.3 | |||||
| 1966 | $5.37B | $601 | 4.1% | 5.0% | 8.93M | 65.5 | |||||
| 1965 | $4.9B | $545 | 7.5% | 3.4% | 9.0M | 66.0 | |||||
| 1964 | $4.43B | $490 | 6.3% | 3.4% | 9.04M | 65.0 | |||||
| 1963 | $4.08B | $452 | 5.9% | 2.0% | 9.03M | 64.8 | |||||
| 1962 | $3.84B | $426 | 6.6% | 2.7% | 8.99M | 64.2 | |||||
| 1961 | $3.57B | $400 | 5.5% | 1.5% | 8.93M | 62.7 | |||||
| 1960 | $3.34B | $377 | 3.0% | 8.86M | 64.0 |
e: IMF estimate; f: IMF forecast.
Nearby economies in Europe & Central Asia
Nearest by distance between capitals, with GDP per capita.
Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Channel Islands · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Faroe Islands · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Isle of Man · Italy · Kazakhstan · Kosovo · Kyrgyzstan · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · North Macedonia · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Tajikistan · Turkmenistan · Türkiye · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Uzbekistan
Rankings
GDP by country · GDP per capita · Real GDP growth · Inflation by country · Government debt to GDP · Stock market to GDP · Population by country · Unemployment by country
Data and methods
- GDP: gross domestic product in current US dollars, converted from the local currency at market exchange rates (World Bank); not adjusted for inflation.
- Purchasing power parity (PPP): GDP per person in international dollars, which buy the same basket of goods and services in every country. It compares living standards across countries in the same year; it is not adjusted for inflation over time.
- In 2025 dollars: the charts can remove US inflation (US consumer price index, annual average) so that dollar amounts from different years compare in today's money. Exchange rate swings still show.
- Growth and inflation: World Bank data (calendar years). Years the World Bank does not cover yet, and the estimates and forecasts, come from the IMF World Economic Outlook (October 2026): its forecasts start in 2026, and the years after a country's last actual year are IMF estimates.
- Government debt: gross debt of the general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, IMF. The World Bank's central government debt is narrower and covers fewer countries.
- Stock market capitalization: the end-of-year value of domestic companies listed on the country's exchanges (World Federation of Exchanges via the World Bank; before 2016, Standard & Poor's), as a percentage of GDP: the “Buffett indicator”. Investment funds are excluded, and so are companies listed only abroad; companies from elsewhere that list on an exchange count for its country (Hong Kong lists many mainland Chinese companies).
- Unemployment: ILO modeled estimates (share of the labor force); comparable across countries, but they may differ from national figures.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2026)