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针对人们最常搜索的市场和经济问题写成的深度文章。每次数据更新时，所有数字都会根据源数据重新计算，没有任何内容是手工输入的。

Article · StocksAverage stock market return9.4%a year since 1871, with dividendsTwo kinds of average, every year since 1872 as a brick, the best and worst decades, and how the range narrows over 1 to 30 years of holding.阅读文章 → Article · StocksBest investments by year×23.4Booking Holdings, 2009–2018: the best of today's S&P 500 with a recordPick any year and holding period: the 10 best and 3 worst of today's S&P 500 or of 23 assets, the median and the index, with survivorship bias in plain sight.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyWhat is a recession34US recessions since 1857Who decides, every recession since 1857 decade by decade, how long recessions and expansions last, and what happened to jobs and stocks around each one since 1948.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyCOVID-19 and the economy21.9MUS payroll jobs lost, February 2020 – April 2020A 2-month recession and a quick way back: every economy's 2020, the jobs race against every recession since 1945, where $4.52T of relief went, and the inflation that followed.阅读文章 → Article · StocksDividend aristocrats52S&P 500 companies with 25+ years of dividend raisesWho has raised the dividend for 25, 50, 60+ years by their own count, who cut in 2009 and 2020, and how the S&P 500's dividend held up in crashes since 1871.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyThe history of the world economy×14.8world income per person since 1820Two thousand years in one line, doubling times from centuries to decades, the Great Divergence and who had the largest economy when.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyEconomic miracles×8.6income per person in 25 years: Botswana, 1965–1990Which economies went from poor to rich fastest, picked by one rule instead of by hand: when it happened, how fast income doubled, and the countries that stalled.阅读文章 → Article · StocksThe Buffett indicator255%of GDP, Q2 2026: the value of US companies' sharesEvery quarter since 1947 on one thermometer, what high readings said about the next 10 years — and the times the indicator was wrong.阅读文章 → Article · StocksGreat investors: what they really earned19.7%a year for Berkshire since 1965, vs 10.5% for the S&P 500Buffett’s record year by year as a wall of bricks, what $1,000 became, the shrinking edge, the losing years, his bet against hedge funds and what famous funds hold now.阅读文章 → Article · TechnologyThe AI boom in numbers5.7 monthsdoubling time of AI training compute since 2010Every notable AI model since 1950 as a dot, the models over 10²³ FLOP, who builds them, Big Tech's capital spending and NVIDIA's revenue.阅读文章 → Article · StocksWho owns the stock market50.9%of family-held stocks belong to the richest 1%America’s stocks as 100 shares in 1989 and now, households against shares, how many families own any stock, and who has held American shares since 1945.阅读文章 → Article · StocksStock market crashes13falls of 20% or more since 1871Every crash of the S&P 500 since 1871: how deep it went, the shape of the fall, and how many years the way back to the record took, with and without dividends.阅读文章 → Article · MarketsBubbles: what they look like in the data19booms and busts since 1881, by one ruleUS stocks, gold, silver, oil, bitcoin and ether: every boom and bust aligned at its peak — how far prices rose, how far they fell and how long the way back took.阅读文章 → Article · StocksWho profits from bubbles$2.07Tof capital gains cashed in by Americans in 2021Follow the money through the booms of 1999–2000, 2006–07 and 2020–21: who sold to whom, Wall Street's fees, the tax on gains, and who was left holding the shares.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyEconomic paradoxes7famous paradoxes, checked against the dataKeynes's thrift, Solow's computers, Jevons's fuel, Simpson's paychecks, the equity premium, Gibson's rates and Greenspan's conundrum — each with a picture of its own.阅读文章 → Article · StocksThe biggest IPOs ever$75.0BSpaceX, the biggest IPO on record (Jun 2026)The largest IPOs from the companies’ own filings, who held the record and for how long, and the IPO waves: 1,000 US IPOs in 2021, 596 of them SPACs.阅读文章 → Article · Rates and debtFed interest rate history3.88%the federal funds rate, Nov 12, 2026Every move since 2008 as quarter-point bricks, 30 hiking and cutting cycles since 1954, the biggest hikes and the rate after inflation month by month.阅读文章 → Article · Rates and debtHow central banks work36 of 38central banks raised rates in 2021–2023What a key rate is, how a hike travels from T-bills to mortgages, jobs and prices, the world's rates now, the negative-rate club and what central banks aim for.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyStrange things that happen in crises−$36.98a barrel of US oil, April 20, 2020Oil below zero, 6.14M jobless claims in one week, 31.8% of income saved: the oddest moments of crises, each measured against normal times.阅读文章 → Article · Rates and debtInverted yield curve+0.83points: the 10-year minus the 3-month yieldToday's curve against one and two years ago, every inversion since 1954, how long until the recession that followed — and the times none did.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyCompound interest calculator$848Kfrom $1,000 put into US stocks in 1960A calculator with monthly additions, the rule of 72 as a picture, and what $1,000 in stocks, bonds, gold and cash really compounded to since 1960.阅读文章 → Article · PricesWhat got more expensive, and what got cheaper+207%college tuition since 2000Tuition, child care, rent, TVs and phones since 2000: a fan of 19 prices, price tags, hours of work, and tuition racing stocks, gold and homes.阅读文章 → Article · PricesThe value of a dollar$34.26today for $1 of 1913A dollar bill for every decade, drawn at the size of its buying power today; inflation in every year since 1872; the longest runs of rising and falling prices.阅读文章 → Article · PricesWhat actually beats inflation+7.1%a year after inflation: US stocks since 1871Stocks, gold, bonds, cash, homes and bitcoin in hot and cool years, through 1941–48, 1966–82 and 2021–22, and how long each took to win its buying power back.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyHyperinflation: when prices run away231,150,889%a year: Zimbabwe in 2008, the record since 1960Every country where prices tripled in a year since 1960 as a heat map, the worst years on record, how fast prices double at each rate, and the countries that brought inflation down.阅读文章 → Article · PricesCost of living$2.32a dozen eggs, Oct 202618 everyday prices since 1980 in dollars and in minutes of work, the price of eggs month by month, gasoline and pay.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyMoney printing: what happens when countries print money$10.3Bof new US money a day in 2020Money growth against inflation in 151 countries, central bank balloons after 2008 and 2020, a printing-press counter, and how US prices followed the money of 2020.阅读文章 → Article · StocksStock market curiosities60%the Super Bowl indicator's hit rate since 1978Football games, Januarys, the last digit of the year and a crystal ball made by data mining: market folklore on trial against a coin flip.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyUnsolved economic mysteries6unsolved cases, with the evidence and the suspectsThe vanishing Phillips curve, the Great Moderation, a 39-year slide of interest rates, money that didn't cause inflation, labor's shrinking share and poor countries' late catch-up.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyIrrational money−81%missing the 10 best months since 1871Six money habits run as plain rules on real data — the best months, panic selling, winner chasing, Sell in May, money illusion and lottery odds — with one surprise.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyMarketing miracles×103Monster's net sales since 2001Monster, the iPhone, Jordan, Costco, Starbucks Rewards, Prime, Red Bull and Coca-Cola: what marketing built, by the companies' own filings.阅读文章 → Article · Jobs and incomeUS unemployment rate4.1%in October 2026Every month since 1948 as a heat calendar, the fast rise and slow fall in each recession, U-3 against U-6, and who is hit hardest.阅读文章 → Article · BusinessAdvertising: wins, flops and big spenders$232Bon advertising, 211 S&P 500 companies, latest yearThe biggest advertisers in the S&P 500, spend per dollar of sales by sector, and nine famous wins and flops with figures from the companies' own filings.阅读文章 → Article · Jobs and incomeLabor productivity×5.5output per hour since 1947The hour of 1947 now takes 11 minutes. Five eras of growth, what drove each — machines, skills or ideas — who produces the most per hour, and how pay kept up.阅读文章 → Article · StocksElon Musk in numbers$94.8BTesla's revenue in 2025Tesla's growth, a 12-rung pay ladder and the court case that followed, his stake from 19 proxy tables, the Twitter deal's financing and SpaceX's first public numbers — all from the filings.阅读文章 → Article · Rates and debtUS national debt$40.61Tthe national debt, Nov 12, 2026How long every trillion took — 192 years for the first, 154 days for the latest — the debt per person since 1790, who holds it and the US among 191 countries.阅读文章 → Article · Jobs and incomeMinimum wage$7.25an hour, the federal minimum since 2009Every raise since 1938 against its value in today's dollars, the states that pay more on a map, and what a full-time year at the minimum pays.阅读文章 → Article · Jobs and incomeMedian household income$87,460a year, the median US household in 2025Median against average, the income ladder since 1967 — what puts a household in the top 20% or the top 5% — every state on a map and income by age.阅读文章 → Article · HousingMortgage rates history6.2%average mortgage rate, Dec 2025Every year since 1963 as a brick, decade by decade, the payment on the same loan, the rate after inflation and against the 10-year Treasury.阅读文章 → Article · HousingIs real estate a good investment?0.6%a year after inflation, US home prices since 1890A century of flat prices, then the climb; the land under the house; farmland's busts; $10,000 in a house vs stocks, bonds and gold; and prices against rents.阅读文章 → Article · HousingUS house prices and affordability$393,300median new house, Q3 20264.8 years of income in 2025, against 3.2 in 1967. Every year as a stack of bricks, price and rate on one map, then vs now by decade.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyGold, jewelry and art: do treasures hold their value?+4.5%a year after inflation: gold, 1971–2025Two centuries of one ounce of gold, jewelry's price tag against the metal, paintings sold twice at auction, and what no open index can measure.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyThe gold standard22.2 mthe edge of a cube of all gold ever minedWhy the dollar left gold in 1971, how prices behaved on and off it, and how much gold there is: about 210,800 tonnes, drawn next to the Statue of Liberty.阅读文章 → Article · MoneyHow many bitcoins exist95.8%of all 21 million bitcoins already exist20,111,529 bitcoins now, 888,341 still to come until about 2140: 21 million as 210 bricks, the halving staircase, coins a day era by era and supply growth against the dollar's M2.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyLargest economies in the world$128Tworld GDP in 2026, IMF projectionCountries by GDP as one picture, every economy's share since 1960, the US against China, dollars against purchasing power, and who is growing fastest.阅读文章 → Article · EconomyDemocracy and economic growth2.2% / 2.0%median growth a year per person: democracies / non-democracies, 1950–2020Do political systems change how fast economies grow? Averages, the fastest and the worst decades, changes of regime, the income link and what research finds.阅读文章 →