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Article · StocksAverage stock market return9.4%a year since 1871, with dividendsTwo kinds of average, every year since 1872 as a brick, the best and worst decades, and how the range narrows over 1 to 30 years of holding.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksBest investments by year×23.4Booking Holdings, 2009–2018: the best of today's S&P 500 with a recordPick any year and holding period: the 10 best and 3 worst of today's S&P 500 or of 23 assets, the median and the index, with survivorship bias in plain sight.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyWhat is a recession34US recessions since 1857Who decides, every recession since 1857 decade by decade, how long recessions and expansions last, and what happened to jobs and stocks around each one since 1948.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyCOVID-19 and the economy21.9MUS payroll jobs lost, February 2020 – April 2020A 2-month recession and a quick way back: every economy's 2020, the jobs race against every recession since 1945, where $4.52T of relief went, and the inflation that followed.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksDividend aristocrats52S&P 500 companies with 25+ years of dividend raisesWho has raised the dividend for 25, 50, 60+ years by their own count, who cut in 2009 and 2020, and how the S&P 500's dividend held up in crashes since 1871.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyThe history of the world economy×14.8world income per person since 1820Two thousand years in one line, doubling times from centuries to decades, the Great Divergence and who had the largest economy when.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyEconomic miracles×8.6income per person in 25 years: Botswana, 1965–1990Which economies went from poor to rich fastest, picked by one rule instead of by hand: when it happened, how fast income doubled, and the countries that stalled.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksThe Buffett indicator255%of GDP, Q2 2026: the value of US companies' sharesEvery quarter since 1947 on one thermometer, what high readings said about the next 10 years — and the times the indicator was wrong.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksGreat investors: what they really earned19.7%a year for Berkshire since 1965, vs 10.5% for the S&P 500Buffett’s record year by year as a wall of bricks, what $1,000 became, the shrinking edge, the losing years, his bet against hedge funds and what famous funds hold now.Makaleyi oku → Article · TechnologyThe AI boom in numbers5.7 monthsdoubling time of AI training compute since 2010Every notable AI model since 1950 as a dot, the models over 10²³ FLOP, who builds them, Big Tech's capital spending and NVIDIA's revenue.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksWho owns the stock market50.9%of family-held stocks belong to the richest 1%America’s stocks as 100 shares in 1989 and now, households against shares, how many families own any stock, and who has held American shares since 1945.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksStock market crashes13falls of 20% or more since 1871Every crash of the S&P 500 since 1871: how deep it went, the shape of the fall, and how many years the way back to the record took, with and without dividends.Makaleyi oku → Article · MarketsBubbles: what they look like in the data19booms and busts since 1881, by one ruleUS stocks, gold, silver, oil, bitcoin and ether: every boom and bust aligned at its peak — how far prices rose, how far they fell and how long the way back took.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksWho profits from bubbles$2.07Tof capital gains cashed in by Americans in 2021Follow the money through the booms of 1999–2000, 2006–07 and 2020–21: who sold to whom, Wall Street's fees, the tax on gains, and who was left holding the shares.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyEconomic paradoxes7famous paradoxes, checked against the dataKeynes's thrift, Solow's computers, Jevons's fuel, Simpson's paychecks, the equity premium, Gibson's rates and Greenspan's conundrum — each with a picture of its own.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksThe biggest IPOs ever$75.0BSpaceX, the biggest IPO on record (Jun 2026)The largest IPOs from the companies’ own filings, who held the record and for how long, and the IPO waves: 1,000 US IPOs in 2021, 596 of them SPACs.Makaleyi oku → Article · Rates and debtFed interest rate history3.88%the federal funds rate, Nov 12, 2026Every move since 2008 as quarter-point bricks, 30 hiking and cutting cycles since 1954, the biggest hikes and the rate after inflation month by month.Makaleyi oku → Article · Rates and debtHow central banks work36 of 38central banks raised rates in 2021–2023What a key rate is, how a hike travels from T-bills to mortgages, jobs and prices, the world's rates now, the negative-rate club and what central banks aim for.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyStrange things that happen in crises−$36.98a barrel of US oil, April 20, 2020Oil below zero, 6.14M jobless claims in one week, 31.8% of income saved: the oddest moments of crises, each measured against normal times.Makaleyi oku → Article · Rates and debtInverted yield curve+0.83points: the 10-year minus the 3-month yieldToday's curve against one and two years ago, every inversion since 1954, how long until the recession that followed — and the times none did.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyCompound interest calculator$848Kfrom $1,000 put into US stocks in 1960A calculator with monthly additions, the rule of 72 as a picture, and what $1,000 in stocks, bonds, gold and cash really compounded to since 1960.Makaleyi oku → Article · PricesWhat got more expensive, and what got cheaper+207%college tuition since 2000Tuition, child care, rent, TVs and phones since 2000: a fan of 19 prices, price tags, hours of work, and tuition racing stocks, gold and homes.Makaleyi oku → Article · PricesThe value of a dollar$34.26today for $1 of 1913A dollar bill for every decade, drawn at the size of its buying power today; inflation in every year since 1872; the longest runs of rising and falling prices.Makaleyi oku → Article · PricesWhat actually beats inflation+7.1%a year after inflation: US stocks since 1871Stocks, gold, bonds, cash, homes and bitcoin in hot and cool years, through 1941–48, 1966–82 and 2021–22, and how long each took to win its buying power back.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyHyperinflation: when prices run away231,150,889%a year: Zimbabwe in 2008, the record since 1960Every country where prices tripled in a year since 1960 as a heat map, the worst years on record, how fast prices double at each rate, and the countries that brought inflation down.Makaleyi oku → Article · PricesCost of living$2.32a dozen eggs, Oct 202618 everyday prices since 1980 in dollars and in minutes of work, the price of eggs month by month, gasoline and pay.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyMoney printing: what happens when countries print money$10.3Bof new US money a day in 2020Money growth against inflation in 151 countries, central bank balloons after 2008 and 2020, a printing-press counter, and how US prices followed the money of 2020.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksStock market curiosities60%the Super Bowl indicator's hit rate since 1978Football games, Januarys, the last digit of the year and a crystal ball made by data mining: market folklore on trial against a coin flip.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyUnsolved economic mysteries6unsolved cases, with the evidence and the suspectsThe vanishing Phillips curve, the Great Moderation, a 39-year slide of interest rates, money that didn't cause inflation, labor's shrinking share and poor countries' late catch-up.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyIrrational money−81%missing the 10 best months since 1871Six money habits run as plain rules on real data — the best months, panic selling, winner chasing, Sell in May, money illusion and lottery odds — with one surprise.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyMarketing miracles×103Monster's net sales since 2001Monster, the iPhone, Jordan, Costco, Starbucks Rewards, Prime, Red Bull and Coca-Cola: what marketing built, by the companies' own filings.Makaleyi oku → Article · Jobs and incomeUS unemployment rate4.1%in October 2026Every month since 1948 as a heat calendar, the fast rise and slow fall in each recession, U-3 against U-6, and who is hit hardest.Makaleyi oku → Article · BusinessAdvertising: wins, flops and big spenders$232Bon advertising, 211 S&P 500 companies, latest yearThe biggest advertisers in the S&P 500, spend per dollar of sales by sector, and nine famous wins and flops with figures from the companies' own filings.Makaleyi oku → Article · Jobs and incomeLabor productivity×5.5output per hour since 1947The hour of 1947 now takes 11 minutes. Five eras of growth, what drove each — machines, skills or ideas — who produces the most per hour, and how pay kept up.Makaleyi oku → Article · StocksElon Musk in numbers$94.8BTesla's revenue in 2025Tesla's growth, a 12-rung pay ladder and the court case that followed, his stake from 19 proxy tables, the Twitter deal's financing and SpaceX's first public numbers — all from the filings.Makaleyi oku → Article · Rates and debtUS national debt$40.61Tthe national debt, Nov 12, 2026How long every trillion took — 192 years for the first, 154 days for the latest — the debt per person since 1790, who holds it and the US among 191 countries.Makaleyi oku → Article · Jobs and incomeMinimum wage$7.25an hour, the federal minimum since 2009Every raise since 1938 against its value in today's dollars, the states that pay more on a map, and what a full-time year at the minimum pays.Makaleyi oku → Article · Jobs and incomeMedian household income$87,460a year, the median US household in 2025Median against average, the income ladder since 1967 — what puts a household in the top 20% or the top 5% — every state on a map and income by age.Makaleyi oku → Article · HousingMortgage rates history6.2%average mortgage rate, Dec 2025Every year since 1963 as a brick, decade by decade, the payment on the same loan, the rate after inflation and against the 10-year Treasury.Makaleyi oku → Article · HousingIs real estate a good investment?0.6%a year after inflation, US home prices since 1890A century of flat prices, then the climb; the land under the house; farmland's busts; $10,000 in a house vs stocks, bonds and gold; and prices against rents.Makaleyi oku → Article · HousingUS house prices and affordability$393,300median new house, Q3 20264.8 years of income in 2025, against 3.2 in 1967. Every year as a stack of bricks, price and rate on one map, then vs now by decade.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyGold, jewelry and art: do treasures hold their value?+4.5%a year after inflation: gold, 1971–2025Two centuries of one ounce of gold, jewelry's price tag against the metal, paintings sold twice at auction, and what no open index can measure.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyThe gold standard22.2 mthe edge of a cube of all gold ever minedWhy the dollar left gold in 1971, how prices behaved on and off it, and how much gold there is: about 210,800 tonnes, drawn next to the Statue of Liberty.Makaleyi oku → Article · MoneyHow many bitcoins exist95.8%of all 21 million bitcoins already exist20,111,529 bitcoins now, 888,341 still to come until about 2140: 21 million as 210 bricks, the halving staircase, coins a day era by era and supply growth against the dollar's M2.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyLargest economies in the world$128Tworld GDP in 2026, IMF projectionCountries by GDP as one picture, every economy's share since 1960, the US against China, dollars against purchasing power, and who is growing fastest.Makaleyi oku → Article · EconomyDemocracy and economic growth2.2% / 2.0%median growth a year per person: democracies / non-democracies, 1950–2020Do political systems change how fast economies grow? Averages, the fastest and the worst decades, changes of regime, the income link and what research finds.Makaleyi oku →