Rates & debt
US interest rates and the national debt
What the US government pays to borrow, the rate the Federal Reserve steers and how much the government owes: from the Treasury's and the Fed's own data, refreshed every night.
10-year Treasury yield · Nov 6, 2026
4.86%+0.75 pp in a year
2-year Treasury yield · Nov 6, 2026
4.51%+0.94 pp in a year
10-year minus 2-year · Nov 6, 2026
+0.35 ppNot inverted
Federal funds rate · Nov 5, 2026
3.88%+0.01 pp in a year
Total public debt outstanding · Nov 5, 2026
$40.56T+$2.46T in a year
Held by the public: $32.77T; owed to federal trust funds: $7.79T.
Debt per person
$118,660
Total debt divided by 341.8 million US residents (World Bank, 2025)
Three long histories
Treasury yields
The yield curve every business day since 1990, the 2- and 10-year yields and every inversion4.86%10-year, Nov 6, 2026
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Federal funds rate
The Fed's policy rate every month since 1954, with its hiking and cutting cycles3.88%effective rate, Nov 5, 2026
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National debt
The debt since 1790, every business day since 1993, per person and against GDP$40.56Ttotal, Nov 5, 2026
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How the numbers are made
- Treasury yields: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Daily Treasury Par Yield Curve Rates (public domain).
- Federal funds rate: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, H.15 Selected Interest Rates; since 2016 the rate is calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
- National debt: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Debt to the Penny and Historical Debt Outstanding (public domain).
- Population and GDP: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0).
- Recessions: NBER business cycle dates.
- Inflation: US consumer prices (CPI) from Robert J. Shiller's data.
- Updates: every night from the sources. The Treasury publishes yields and the debt for each business day; the Fed publishes the rate of the previous business day.
- Not investment advice. Rates, spreads and debt figures do not tell what will happen next.
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